<p>Augusta Downtown Historic District is a historic district that encompasses most of Downtown Augusta, Georgia and its pre-Civil War area.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Historic sites</h2><br>
<p>Downtown Augusta is home to many historical sites. Some of these include:</p><br>
<p>Academy of Richmond County - 1783 campus— Built in 1783 and was the first educational institute in the state. It is also the oldest remaining building in the city.</p><br>
<p>Augusta Cotton Exchange Building— built in the 1880s at the height of cotton production and trade in Augusta. Now a branch of Georgia Bank and Trust.</p><br>
<p>Church of the Most Holy Trinity</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church of Augusta</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church</p><br>
<p>Gertrude Herbert Institute of Art— Founded in 1937 and is the only independent non-profit visual arts school in the Augusta-Aiken metropolitan area.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Rucker Lamar Building— Built in 1913 and, with 16 floors, is the third tallest building in Augusta. It was designed by architect William Lee Stoddart.</p><br>
<p>Old Government House— Housed the seat of the local government from 1801 to 1821. Now a reception hall.</p><br>
<p>Old Medical College of Georgia Building— Housed the Medical College of Georgia from 1835 to 1913. Now a conference & events center for the medical school.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Cultural Center— Built in 1900 and is a former Roman Catholic church. Now an events center.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church— Founded in 1750, it is the oldest church in Augusta. Was burned to the ground in 1916 with many other buildings. It was rebuilt in 1919.</p><br>
<p>United States Post Office and Courthouse</p><br>
<p>Downtown Augusta contains a large amount of historical homes, many being built in the 19th century. Some of these homes include:</p><br>
<p>Brahe House</p><br>
<p>Joseph Rucker Lamar House— Lamar resided here when he was studying law.</p><br>
<p>Phinizy Residence</p><br>
<p>Platt Fleming Walker d&#39;Antignac House</p><br>
<p>Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home— The residence of Woodrow Wilson until the age of 14.</p><br>
<p>Zachary Daniels House</p><br>
<p>The Dorsey Mansion is a log and stone mansion built in 1878 by Stephen W. Dorsey, a controversial carpetbagging Republican who served as United States Senator from Arkansas during the Reconstruction from 1873 until 1879. The mansion is located on US Route 56, east of Springer, New Mexico.</p><br>
<p>While a senator, Dorsey purchased land near Chico Springs, New Mexico, and built a 36-room Gothic Victorian palace between 1878 and 1886. The architectural styles include log cabin (built between 1878 and 1880) as well as an Arthurian stone fortress in 1884. The dining room was the largest room in any home in the region, and it could seat 60 people. It had a marble fireplace imported from Italy. The art gallery had a cathedral ceiling, and exhibited paintings imported from overseas. There were nine bedrooms, and the first indoor toilet in the region. There was a swimming pool and fountain in the front yard facing a tower that was decorated with gargoyle representations of Dorsey, his wife, and brother. The swimming pool had three islands and a gazebo. There was a billiard room, and Dorsey held parties that were famous throughout the Southwest.</p><br>
<p>Dorsey acquired much of the money for the house through corrupt mail contracts, giving him the nickname of Star Route Stephen. In 1881, President Chester Arthur ordered the prosecution of Dorsey and eight accomplices. However, the trial in Washington, DC resulted in a hung jury. Dorsey ran his Mountain Spring cattle ranch, using his famous Triangle Dot brand, content to be on the ranch because "my cattle do not vote. In the late 1880s he established the nearby town of Clayton, New Mexico, which he named for his son Clayton. Dorsey attempted to become a leader of the Republican party in New Mexico, but his debts and lawsuits thwarted his ambitions.</p><br>
<p>By 1892, Dorsey and his wife were almost destitute. For a while, the Dorseys operated the Mansion as a tuberculosis sanatorium. They moved to Los Angeles, where Dorseys wife Helen died in 1897, and Dorsey died in 1916, almost penniless. After Helens death, the Mansion was badly encumbered by creditor&#39;s liens. In 1901, the Mansion was sold at auction to Solomon Floersheim, one of the creditors.</p><br>
<p>There were a series of owners during the first half of the 20th century. These included Dr. H. B. Masten (1902), William Van Bruggen (1907), Lewis Griggs (1912). The Post Office and Mercantile closed in the 1950s, and many of the outbuildings collapsed. K.E. Deaton bought the property and adjoining 40 acre in 1966, and tried to renovate the Mansion. After Deaton&#39;s death, his heirs sold the property to the State of New Mexico in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The New Mexico State Museum concluded that the Mansion was too expensive to renovate properly. On December 4, 1987, the Dorsey Mansion State Monument was sold to Dr. Roger W. Akers and Sandra Henning. They are the current owners. At present, the Mansion is not open for tours.</p><br>
<p>The Cass–Davenport Historic District is a historic district containing four apartment buildings in Detroit, Michigan, roughly bounded by Cass Avenue, Davenport Street, and Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The Milner Arms Apartments  abuts, but is not within, the district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The four apartment buildings within this district represent the change in apartment building design in the city of Detroit: from the small luxury apartment buildings constructed just after the turn of the twentieth century to the large scale apartment buildings constructed between 1915 and 1930.</p><br>
<p>Two of the four apartment buildings, the Davenport Apartment Building and the Chesterfield Apartments, were constructed by Theodore F. Shotwell during the first phase of apartment construction. These apartment buildings were small in scale, and included a small number of spacious units, designed to attract upper- and upper-middle class tenants. In 1905, Shotwell purchased land for the two buildings, and commissioned the masonry contracting and building firm of Putnam & Moore to erect the seven-unit Davenport Apartment at a cost of $10,500. In 1911, Shotwell began construction on the Chesterfield, at a cost of $26,000. The first tenants of the two buildings were lawyers, executives, and widows.</p><br>
<p>As the automotive industry brought a population boom to the city of Detroit, demand for housing increased substantially. In response, apartment buildings were constructed that were larger scale, high density buildings, with many smaller and more utilitarian apartments to appeal to the primarily middle-class workers looking for housing. The remaining two apartments in this district were constructed in this time period. In 1924, John and George Pouroujalian hired architect John Bergman to design the Aderna Court Apartments, which were built for approximately $119,000. The Aderna Court contained retail space on the first floor in addition to apartments above, and some of the first commercial tenants included a beeauty shop, laundry, and tavern. Also in 1924, the firm of Pollmar and Ropes designed the Naomi Apartments, which were valued at $447,000 upon completion.</p><br>
<p>Of the four, only the Aderna Court Apartments have been continuously occupied. The Davenport and Naomi Apartments have also been slated for redevelopment.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The district includes four apartment buildings near the corner of Cass Avenue and Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard: These buildings are all three to six stories tall and are constructed of brick with limestone or cast stone details. The group of buildings reflect a change in apartment building design in Detroit: starting with the small scale, luxurious apartment buildings built near the turn of the 20th century and continuing to the large scale, high density apartment buildings constructed between 1915 and 1930.</p><br>
<p>These buildings are:</p><br>
<h3>Davenport Apartments, 149 Davenport</h3><br>
<p>The Davenport Apartment is a Beaux-Arts, apartment building, constructed in 1905 by Putnam and Moore. The small building measures 50 feet by 55 feet. The facade is symmetric, with a masonry-clad ground floor. The center entrance is surrounded by masonry, with a cornice above and balconet below the second story window. Multi-sided bay windows run the height of the building at the corners of the front facade. The windows across the front have large lower panes and subdivided transoms above.</p><br>
<h3>Chesterfield Apartments (Bon Rea Apartments),</h3><br>
<p>The Chesterfield Apartments is a Classical Revival, apartment building, constructed in 1911, and designed by Baxter and O&#39;Dell. The four-story building sits on a raised basements, and measures 70 feet by 80 feet, The facade is symmetric, and contains a central three story, monumental portico with square brick piers and ornamental iron railings. The portico contains porches on the upper floors. The bays flanking the center contain groupings of paired windows on stone sills. Two stone stringcourses separate the first and second floors, and separate the fourth floor from the large cornice above.</p><br>
<h3>Aderna Court Apartments (Wayne Court Apartments), 3527 Cass</h3><br>
<p>The Aderna Court Apartments is a Tudor Revival apartment building, constructed in 1924, and designed by John Bergman. It is a four story brick building with a flat roof, measuring 67 feet by 136 feet. The first floor is stone faced, and contains storefront openings. The sides have two light courts each. The front facade is symmetrical, and divided into three bays. The narrower center bay holds the entrance, above which the bay projects slightly outward, forming a three story tall oriel window. To each side of the central bay are a variety of window openings.</p><br>
<h3>Naomi Apartments (Cass Plaza Apartments), 3550 Cass</h3><br>
<p>The Naomi Apartments is an Italian Renaissance apartment building, constructed in 1924 and designed by Pollmar and Ropes. It is a six story brick structure measuring 60 feet by 166 feet. The facade is symmetrical, with a stone-covered first floor and stringcourse above, separating it from the upper floors. The windows are regularly arranged, with a flat arch overtop. The sixth floor has ornate arched window openings, with a cornice frieze below the floor and another decorative cornice above. The building has undergone $17 million renovation and restoration beginning in 2014 and has reopened in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Nest Dam is a dam just east of the town of Eagle Nest, New Mexico on USA Route 64. The dam, on private property, is on the Cimarron River, and is responsible for Eagle Nest Lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1907, two wealthy ranchers, Frank Springer and Charles Springer, and the Cimarron Valley Land Company were granted a water permit to impound the water of the Cimarron River for irrigation by building a dam. Construction of the dam began in 1916, and continued until 1918. The dam is 140 ft high and has an arc length of 400 ft. At the top, the dam is 9.5 ft wide, and it is 45.2 ft wide at the base. It is considered the largest privately built dam in the United States. The resulting lake, known as Eagle Nest Lake has an area of 2,500 acre and measures 5 mi long, and 2 mi wide. The dam was constructed by laborers from the Taos Pueblo. It is named Eagles Nest Dam for the eagles that made themselves a home on the sides of the dam. The dam sits between two granite walls, and as part of the plans, the Springers had to reroute USA Route 64 to its current location, over McAvoy Hill.</p><br>
<h2>Water rights</h2><br>
<p>To help finance the dam, Springer sold some water rights from Eagle Nest Lake to local farmers and ranchers. These original rights are known as vested rights. In 1951, the State of New Mexico adjudicated the watershed of the Cimarron River. This adjudication confirmed Springer&#39;s original permit which gave him the right to store surplus and flood water in the Eagle Nest Lake. There were many other court cases, and one of them ended up in the New Mexico State Supreme Court in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Today, Eagle Nest Lake still serves its intended purpose as a reservoir, which provides irrigation water via the Cimarron River and a complex canal system, to many farmers and ranchers, some as far as 50 miles downstream. Some of the water rights from Eagle Nest Lake have been purchased by local municipalities including Raton and Springer. The villages of Angel Fire, Eagle Nest, and Cimarron can also get their water from the lake.</p><br>
<h2>State ownership</h2><br>
<p>In 2002, the State of New Mexico bought the lake, and it is now operated by the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission (ISC), but owners maintained their water rights. After New Mexico bought the lake, various water users approached Governor Bill Richardson in hopes of mediation to end the litigation over water rights. Governor Richardson and the local governing bodies signed the Eagle Nest Water Rights Settlement on June 2, 2006. This settlement specifies that all users share in water shortages. The sharing arrangement is prorated based on the amount of water in the lake on June 1 of each year. All users will be treated equally, including the so-called Tier-Two users who make bulk water purchases. The agreement can be viewed on the web. The state established the Eagle Nest Lake State Park for use of the lake for recreational purposes.</p><br>
<p>Whitley Court is a cluster of Spanish Colonial bungalows built from 1903 to 1919 just north of Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.</p><br>
<p>The first structure, built in 1903, was a two-story Colonial Revival house with a round bay turret designed by Dennis & Farwell for the Whitley family. The original house was moved to the back of the property to make room for four additional two-story residential buildings. The buildings provided housing for those employed in the booming film industry, and its residents are rumored to have included Theda Bara in the 1920s and Sylvia Sidney in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the buildings were converted to a mix of residential and office space. During the 1992 Los Angeles riots, fires burned just 150 feet from Whitley Court, but residents protected the structures with hoses. At the time, one of the owners said, "These buildings are important. You can&#39;t replace a historic building. When it burns, you lose it forever."</p><br>
<p>Whitley Court was designated a Historic Cultural Monument (HCM #448) by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission in 1988, and was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Avenel Cooperative Housing Project, properly known as Avenel Homes, is a 10-unit cooperative housing development designed by architect Gregory Ain, and built in 1947 in the Silver Lake section of Los Angeles. Ain&#39;s innovative design has been called "a model for effective use of limited space for low-cost urban housing."</p><br>
<h2>Members</h2><br>
<p>Of the ten original members of the cooperative, at least four were blacklisted or questioned by the House Un-American Activities Committee, Resident and architect Richard Corsini noted: "Most of the people that originally lived here were path-breaking political types," and even after the communist cooperative broke up, the structures remained popular with progressive homeowners. (The claim that the units were originally built for a group of motion picture cartoonists and their families is not correct, but applies instead to Ain&#39;s Community Homes project of the same period.)</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Avenel Homes consists of ten identical three-bedroom units of 960 ft&sup2, situated on two 60 ft lots, each 140 ft deep. The units are organized in two rows of five, attached, and stepping back from the street in a saw-tooth pattern. This configuration gives each unit a front door and a private back patio.</p><br>
<p>Though small, the unit-plan was noteworthy for its flexibility and openness. It included a sliding wall between the master bedroom and living room, and another between the two smaller bedrooms. Ains original plan for an open&#39; kitchen was rejected by the Federal Housing Administration.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Los Angeles Times ran a 1,500-word feature article about the Avenel project. At that time, one of three remaining original residents, Serril Gerber, told the Times that he and his wife had joined with nine other couples in seeking out Ain, hiring him to build a low-cost complex with a high quality of design. Gerber said, "We&#39;d seen these modern houses in magazines, and we liked the idea of having a living space that is both indoors and outdoors. We liked the idea of doing something really modern, and we liked Greg. He was a radical person in his thinking, because he wanted to put his ideas in the service of regular people. That was his mission, really." Each couple contributed $11,000 to the project.</p><br>
<h2>Modifications and restoration</h2><br>
<p>Over the years, the units had been substantially modified by homeowners, and all but one had expanded the living space to include the outdoor patio area. Also, though built for families of four, most owners had found the units more comfortable for two persons and had converted the master bedrooms into dens.</p><br>
<p>Preservation architect Gordon Olschlager moved into one of the units in 1992 and restored it using Ains original drawings. Olschlager removed additions that were not part of Ains original design. Olschlager also restored the sliding glass walls and sliding wood room dividers.</p><br>
<p>By 2002, the units had become "magnets for architecture buffs" and were selling for "well over $300,000."</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>Avenel Homes was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Brownington Village Historic District is a historic site in Brownington, Vermont, United States. It is located near the intersection of Hinman and Brownington Center roads. It was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on June 9, 1973. The district consists of five buildings within the Old Stone House Museum complex and three neighboring houses, dating from the early 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, Brownington was a community on the Hinman Settler Road, a primary route in the county. It was on the stagecoach route from Boston, Massachusetts to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Prior to 1816, the village was one of two county seats. Residents developed a number of facilities to take advantage of the town&#39;s situation.</p><br>
<h2>Old Stone House (Athenian Hall)</h2><br>
<p>Alexander Twilight alone constructed this four-story granite building which was used as a dormitory for out-of-town boarding students at the nearby Orleans County Grammar School. He called it "Athenian Hall." Granite was almost never used in building construction in the early 19th century in Orleans County. No one knows where the granite came from.</p><br>
<p>The dormitory closed in 1859, two years after Twilight&#39;s death. The Orleans County Historical Society bought it in 1918 for $500. Today it is called "The Old Stone House Museum." It is one of the best-preserved institutional buildings of its era in the United States. Operated as an historical museum, it contains collections of 18th, 19th, and early 20th-century furniture, paintings, decorative art, folk art, tools and household items.</p><br>
<h2>Alexander Twilight House</h2><br>
<p>Across the road from the Old Stone House is Alexander Twilight&#39;s own house, which he built in 1830. He and his wife accepted several boarding students at their house each year; these students slept in rooms on the second floor of the house. Students continued to board with the Twilights after Athenian Hall dormitory was built. The Orleans County Historical Society bought the house in 1999. It has been restored and serves as a visitor center for the Museum and as an office for the Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Lawrence Barn</h2><br>
<p>This is an English-style barn built during the first half of the 19th century. It is similar to the one that was originally associated with the Twilight House. It was moved to its present site in 1997. It houses an exhibit illustrating two centuries of farming in Orleans County.</p><br>
<h2>Museum Education Center</h2><br>
<p>This building was probably the original house on the site of the Alexander Twilight House. It was donated to the Museum in 1978 and is used as an education center.</p><br>
<h2>Cyrus Eaton House</h2><br>
<p>Cyrus Eaton, a friend of Twilight, built this house in 1834. The architecture is late Federal-style, partially remodeled in the vernacular Greek Revival style. The building has been thoroughly restored, including the cedar shake roof. It contains the archives and research collections of the Historical Society. Behind the house is a well established mid-nineteenth century perennial garden.</p><br>
<h2>Samuel Read Hall House</h2><br>
<p>This house was built by George West in 1831 in the Federal style. For 21 years it was the home of Samuel Read Hall, who taught at the Orleans County Grammar School.</p><br>
<p>Purchased by the Historical Society in 2006, the Samuel Read Hall House is being restored.</p><br>
<h2>Brownington Congregational Church and Village Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The church was completed in 1841. Both Twilight and Hall were ministers there. In 1899 Brownington native William Barstow Strong, who had attended the Orleans County Grammar School, paid for extensive remodeling of the church&#39;s interior and furnished a bell and spire for the belfry.</p><br>
<h2>Prospect Hill and Observatory Tower</h2><br>
<p>When the classrooms of the grammar school were nearby, students climbed this hill for evening vespers. In 1898, Strong built an observatory at the top. This was recreated by the Grange in 1975 for the national bicentennial. It was rebuilt again in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Rice and Going Hotel</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1815, this farmhouse was once operated as a hotel. It is privately owned today.</p><br>
<h2>Orleans County Grammar School</h2><br>
<p>William Baxter paid for the construction of this building in 1823. It was constructed at the base of Prospect Hill. In 1869, it was moved down the road by about 1/3 miles. The building was owned by the town of Brownington and housed the Grange.</p><br>
<p>in 2016, it was moved west of the church closer to the District. Simulating the work of the 19th century, 44 oxen appeared to be hitched to the historic building to tow it to the new site.</p><br>
<p>Quarry Wood nature reserve is a 7 acre woodland on the west side of the A41 road at Hinstock in Shropshire that is managed by the Shropshire Wildlife Trust. Oak, birch and occasional hornbeam grow alongside swathes of rhododendron. The sandstone cliffs were formed in the Triassic period, around 220 million years ago, when this part of the country was hot and dry and dinosaurs were first emerging.</p><br>
<p>The quarry may have provided the stone for the tower of St Oswald&#39;s church in the village and also some of the older houses, though quarrying ceased in the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>The wood once provided cover for vast flocks of roosting thrushes and finches and, between 1966 and 1985, around 20,000 birds were ringed there. These birds no longer roost in such numbers, but the wood is home to a variety of birds including jays, tits, nuthatches, woodpeckers and other common woodland birds.</p><br>
<p>The Metacomet Mill, built in 1847 by Colonel Richard Borden for the manufacture of cotton textiles, is the oldest remaining textile mill in Fall River, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The adjacent American Printing Company Mill No. 7 (also known as Fall River Iron Works Mill No.7) was constructed in 1906 for the production of cotton print cloth.</p><br>
<p>Both structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and today contain a variety of small businesses.</p><br>
<p>The site was also photographed and surveyed by Jack E. Boucher in 1968, as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey.</p><br>
<h2>Historical background</h2><br>
<p>The Metacomet Mill was originally constructed in 1847 by Colonel Richard Borden, a prominent local industrialist who had begun the Fall River Iron Works in 1821. The plans for the mill were brought from Bolton, England by Major Durfee and William Davol, and it was considered a "model mill" for its time. The mill was constructed of native field stones over the stream of the falling Quequechan River, which powered the machinery of the early mill. It originally had a gable roof and was five and one-half stories tall. The Metacomet Mill is also significant in that it was the first recorded use of cast iron girders and beams for mill construction in the United States. The cast iron beams and girders were an improvement on timber supports, which tended to become soft over time, resulting in a slight sagging in the floors, and upsetting the operation of machinery.</p><br>
<p>The Metacomet Mill was substantially enlarged later in the 19th century, and a steam engine was added to supplement the power of the falls. It later became known as "Iron Works" Mill No.6.</p><br>
<p>The American Printing Company Mill No.7, constructed of red brick in 1906, just upstream from the Metacomet Mill, on the site of the former Anawan Mill, also originally built by Colonel Richard Borden in 1825. Mill No. 7 was the last expansion of the American Printing Company, once the largest employer in Fall River during the height of its cotton textile industry. It is also known as "Iron Works" Mill No.7, as this was the name of the cloth-producing division of the same company; a tribute to the company&#39;s roots in 1821. Mill No.7 featured a Gothic-style engine house, which can still be seen today, along Anawan Street.</p><br>
<h2>The site today</h2><br>
<p>Metacomet Mill and American Printing Company Mill Number 7 are the only two mills existing over the falls of the Quequechan River, which once had several mills in the steep stretch between downtown and the waterfront.</p><br>
<p>During the 1960s the mill complex was completely surrounded by the construction of Interstate 195 and the approach ramps to the Braga Bridge. Today, it is still possible to view the falls of the Quequechan River, for which the City of Fall River was named. Two small dams, on either side of the Number 7 mill "daylight" into small pools before flowing under the mills. The rest of the river was diverted into underground channels in the 1960s with the highway construction.</p><br>
<p>The Quequechan River "daylights" at the far end of the parking lot for the Metacomet Mill, beneath the Braga Bridge, adjacent to the railroad tracks.</p><br>
<p>The two historic mills currently contain a variety of small businesses, including the W.O.W. fitness center, and others. One of the site&#39;s two historic brick smokestacks contains a sign advertising the fitness center, while the other contains mobile telephone transmission equipment.</p><br>
<p>Due of the highway construction, the site remains a rather isolated pocket between downtown and the waterfront.</p><br>
<p>The Wagon Mound is a butte that was a major landmark for pioneers along the Cimarron Cutoff of the Old Santa Fe Trail, a well-known settlement route connecting St. Louis, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico. It is located just east of Wagon Mound, New Mexico, a village named after the butte. The bute is a designated National Historic Landmark, along with Santa Clara Canyon, a site just northwest of the village where travelers on the trail frequently camped and took on water.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Wagon Mound is a roughly lozenge-shaped mesa with its highest point at about 6,930 ft. New Mexico State Road 120 runs eastward from the village of Wagon Mound to the north of the mesa, while New Mexico State Road 271 runs southeastearly from the village to its south and west. The village is located directly west of the mesa, with two small mesas, known as the Pilot Knobs, to its west. Wagon Mound is readily visible from the Rabbit Ears, the major landmark further east on the trail.</p><br>
<p>Wagon Mound was an important landmark on the Cimarron Cutoff branch of the Santa Fe Trail for several reasons. First, it was the last major landmark before reaching Santa Fe, signalling the approaching end of the journey to westbound travelers. Second, the Santa Clara Canyon, located about 2 mi to the northwest, had a spring that was a reliable source of water in the desert environment. It also served as a cautionary point, because the topography of Santa Clara Canyon made groups camping their vulnerable to attacks by hostile Native Americans, with one notably large attack occurring in 1850. The route was heavily used between about 1822 and the American Civil War. Usage declined with the advent of the railroad (which followed the Santa Fe Trail route in this area) in the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>The Market House, in Monaghan, Ireland, was designed by Colonel William Hayes of Avondale, Rathdrum, County Wicklow, and stands in the middle of Market Square. Completed in 1792, the building is of five bays in length with the centre three arches projected with a secondary pediment. The outer bays contain blank windows. The ends of the Market House have large rusticated arches flanked by round headed niches. Above all the arches are inset panels with festoons while the blank windows and niches have medallions. At the eastern end the pediment contains a carved Conygham  coat of arms.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>After lying empty for many years, the Department of Arts, Sports and Tourism awarded Monaghan County Council €746,000 in 2001 to refurbish the Market House as an arts venue. The development work started in August 2002 and was completed in February 2003. The building was officially opened by the Minister for Arts, Sports and Tourism on 28 November 2003. This new venue is suitable for arts events such as exhibitions, musical performances, readings, workshops and rehearsals.</p><br>
<p>This is the first Capital arts project in County Monaghan to receive Central Government funding.</p><br>
<p>American Trona Corporation Building is an industrial building at the Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro, California. It was built from 1916-1917 by the American Trona Corporation of California, to process and store salt potash from the company&#39;s mining facilities at Searles Lake in the Mojave Desert, near Trona in eastern San Bernardino County, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building originally included crushers, separators and a network of conveyor belts to process the potash. The building has approximately 25,000 ft&sup2; of interior space on two floors and is said to be one of the largest still existing wood structural spaces in an industrial building on the West Coast. The foundation and interior walls of the first floor were built with reinforced concrete, and the entire upper section is made of wood.</p><br>
<p>Due to advances in methods for separating potash, the plant was used for that purpose for only a short time, and there is some indication that the facility never went into full production.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, the building was offered for sale at $200,000 to become part of a proposed submarine naval base at the Los Angeles Harbor. The building was converted to use as a saw mill and warehouse during the 1920s and 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The building became part of the USA Army Fort MacArthur in 1942, and has remained under military ownership since that time. The ownership of Fort MacArthur transferred to the USA Air Force in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Battlefield was the site of the Second Battle of Franklin, which occurred late in the American Civil War. It is located in the southern part of Franklin, Tennessee, on USA 31. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<p>The Carter House, which stands today and is open to visitors, was located at the center of the Union position. The site covers about 15 acre. The house and outbuildings still show hundreds of bullet holes. The Carnton Plantation, home to the McGavock family during the battle, also still stands and is likewise open to the public. Confederate soldiers swept past Carnton toward the left wing of the Union army, and the house and outbuildings were converted into the largest field hospital present after the battle. Adjacent to Carnton is the McGavock Confederate Cemetery, where 1,481 Southern soldiers killed in the battle are buried.</p><br>
<p>Adjacent to the 48 acre surrounding Carnton is another 110 acre of battlefield, which is currently being converted to a city park. Much of the rest of the Franklin battlefield has been lost to commercial development. The spot where Gen. Patrick Cleburne fell, for instance, was covered until late 2005 by a Pizza Hut restaurant. Although the restaurant was purchased by a preservation group and demolished, the Civil War Preservation Trust continues to rank the Franklin battlefield as one of the ten most endangered sites. City officials and historic-preservation groups have recently placed a new emphasis on saving what remains of the land over which this terrible battle raged.</p><br>
<p>Fort Granger is preserved in a 20 acre section that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield is now preserved as part of the 110 acre Eastern Flank Battle Park, which is operated by the city of Franklin.</p><br>
<p>The Trenton Battle Monument is a massive column-type structure in the Battle Monument section of Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It commemorates the December 26, 1776 Battle of Trenton, a pivotal victory for the Continental forces during the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Designed by John H. Duncan, the architect of Grant&#39;s Tomb, the monument is an early example of Beaux-Arts architecture in America. The design is based on "The Monument", a 1671 structure built to commemorate the Great Fire of London, on the London street where the 1666 fire started. The height of the Trenton monument is intentionally the same height as the London monument.</p><br>
<p>The hollow Roman-Doric fluted column of the monument is constructed of granite, as is the pedestal which supports it, although slightly darker stone was used to give the base the appearance of more solidity. The column is capped by a small, round pavilion, forming an observation deck; accessible by means of an electric elevator, that has provided thousands of tourists an excellent view of the city and the surrounding scene of the battle. Encircling the column, just above the cap, thirteen electric lights, symbolizing the original Thirteen Colonies, shed their radiance at night.</p><br>
<p>The pavilion is surmounted by an acanthus leaf pedestal where, atop the entire structure, a colossal bronze statue of General George Washington by William Rudolf O&#39;Donovan crowns the monument. Washington is depicted as he appeared at the opening of the engagement and, with his extended right hand, directs the fire of the Continental artillery down King (now Warren) Street. The figure is 13 ft feet tall, while the monument, including the statue, is 150 ft above street level.</p><br>
<p>On the base of the pedestal are two bronze relief panels by Thomas Eakins depicting "The Continental Army Crossing the Delaware River" and "The Opening of the Battle." The latter panel depicts the battery of Alexander Hamilton about to fire down King Street. A third bronze relief panel, "The Surrender of the Hessians," was modeled by Charles Henry Niehaus. On the north side of the pedestal is a bronze tablet presented by the Society of the Cincinnati of New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>Guarding the entrance to the monument stand two bronze figures of Continental soldiers by ODonovan. One is a statue of Private John Russell, a member of Colonel John Glovers Marblehead Regiment of seafaring men from Marblehead, Massachusetts, who gained fame by transporting Washington&#39;s army across the ice-choked Delaware River on the night of December 25–26, 1776. The other figure is modeled after a likeness of Private Blair McClenachan, of the Philadelphia Light Horse Troop, a unit which also took part in the battle.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The monument is located in an area of the city known as "Five Points". It was here, at the intersection of Warren (King) Street, North Broad (Queen) Street, Brunswick, Pennington and Princeton Avenues, that the American artillery was placed. From this high vantage point, they dominated the streets of Trenton, preventing the Hessian troops from organizing an effective counterattack.</p><br>
<p>A movement to erect a monument commemorating the victory at Trenton began in 1843. About forty years later in 1886, the property for the monument was acquired by the Trenton Monument Association. To build the monument, the New Jersey legislature appropriated $15,000, Congress $30,000, and citizens contributed $15,000. Monument Park at the "Five Points" was acquired under the provisions of an ordinance passed June 28, 1893.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone was laid Saturday, December 26, 1891, on the 115th anniversary of the Battle of Trenton. The base and pedestal were erected in the spring of 1892, the capstone raised into position on Saturday, August 31, 1893, and the statue of General Washington finally placed atop the shaft September 5 of the same year. The completed memorial was dedicated with elaborate ceremonies on October 19, 1893, the 112th anniversary of the surrender of General Lord Cornwallis at the Siege of Yorktown in Virginia; in attendance were eight governors of the original thirteen states.</p><br>
<p>Although various changes have taken place in the immediate vicinity of the monument since its dedication, the commanding figure of Washington still looks down upon the city, which has developed from what was a small village in 1776. The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Sarysu  is the largest lake of Azerbaijan located in Imishli and Sabirabad raions of the Kur-Araz Lowland.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Sarysu lake stretches along the Kura River from Imishli Rayon southeast to Sabirabad Rayon reaching a total length of 22 km. It is one of the four lakes present in the area. The water in the lake is fresh water. The lake inflows from Lake Ağgöl through a canal - and which is also replenished by groundwater and rain - and outflows to the Kura River. The outflow to Kura is regulated by a water-releasing station in Muradbəyli.</p><br>
<p>The lake is separated from the residential areas in the north by a highway which prevents it from potential pollution. The southern part of the lake has been polluted from waters of onshore oil production activities in the past.</p><br>
<p>The shoreline of Sarysu is mainly made up from wetlands and swamps. The overall area is 65.7 km&sup2;. The approximate volume of water in the lake is 60 million m. Average depth is 1–3 meters, at the shoreline 0.1-0.9 meters. The increases of volume of water is mainly observed in spring and fall seasons. During winter season, the average ice-covering period is 11 days. The lake is rich with common carp and vobla. Favorable conditions at the lake attract 300-350 thousand migrating birds during the winter. Mineralization at Sarysu is high.</p><br>
<h2>Overflowing and floods</h2><br>
<p>The river sometimes overflows and floods. In 1976, overflowing of Kura River caused Sarysu to increase in size by 3-5 times. In May 2010, major flooding struck the area. Heavy rains caused the volume level of Kura river increase by 12 cm and level of Sarysu by 20 cm. On 24 May 2010, Muradbeyli village, surrounded by Sarysu on the south and Kura River on the north, completely flooded collapsing the dam. Muradbəyli and three other villages Qasımbəyli, Əsgərbəyli, Axtaçı of Sabirabad Rayon as well as Nərimankənd, Musalı, Dəllər and Novruzlu of Saatly Rayon were evacuated.</p><br>
<p>Sarysu is a primary source for fishing and partially for irrigation.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Mineola, New York serves the ZIP Code 11501, covering that community in the Towns of North Hempstead and Hempstead, New York, United States, the seat of Long Island&#39;s Nassau County. It is located on the northeast corner of the junction of First and Main Streets.</p><br>
<p>It is a brick building in the Colonial Revival architectural style built in 1936 as part of a massive Depression-era public works project that built many new post offices all over New York. Unusually among New York post offices in that style from that time, it was built in a rough hexagonal shape so that its main entrance could face southwest, towards the corner. It was also one of the last works of the firm of Peabody, Wilson & Brown. For these reasons it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, the only property in Mineola listed so far.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>All six sides of the two-story steel frame building are faced in brick laid in Flemish bond. The entrance terrace is granite, paved with bluestone and using limestone coping, flanked with iron lampposts. The middle three of the five bays are recessed to allow for the limestone enframents around the double doors. Each window bay is topped by a roundel and bronze grille in an abstract eagle form. "United States Post Office" is spelled out by bronze letters between the roundels, and "Mineola, New York" is carved into the frieze above the main entrance. The entire structure is topped by limestone coping and a flat roof.</p><br>
<p>The interior retains the original pink Tennessee marble wainscoting with a dark marble baseboard. The walls above the marble are plaster with a molded cornice between them and the ceiling. The floor is terrazzo with embedded brass strips dividing it into areas of different color. Unusually for a post office of this size built during the 1930s, there is no mural or other artwork of the type commissioned by the Works Progress Administration in the lobby.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Unincorporated Mineola was already a central community of a primarily agricultural area when it was chosen as the seat of the newly formed county in 1899. In the early decades of the next century, improvements to rail and road transport led to the beginning of suburbanization in Nassau County and the Mineola area. The growth required, among many other things, new postal facilities.</p><br>
<p>In 1931 an amendment to the Public Buildings Act of 1926 authorized the construction of 136 new post offices in New York. Sixteen of these were to be in Long Island, including Mineola. The site was purchased in 1933, and Peabody, Wilson & Brown, a New York firm best known for some large estates on Long Island such as Charles Millard Pratt&#39;s Seamoor in Glen Cove and the Huntington Town Hall. A.J. Paretta Contracting of Long Island City began work in 1935, finishing the following year.</p><br>
<p>The Mineola post office is the only federal commission the Peabody Wilson firm is known to have undertaken, and one of its last. Julian Livingston Peabody drowned late in 1935 in the sinking of the Mohawk off New Jersey, and Archibald Manning Brown left the firm that same year to head the design team planning the Harlem River Houses, the first federally financed housing project in New York City.</p><br>
<h2>Aesthetic</h2><br>
<p>The Colonial Revival style had been popular for new post offices in New York from 1905 on, when the Geneva post office in the Finger Lakes region became the first in the state to use it. It was heavily used in the 1920s and later on in the 1930s, when new construction intensified as the government tried to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression. With a few exceptions, elements of Colonial buildings were used without trying to emulate any specific building. Aspects of the Mineola post office that most strongly reflect this are its entrance enframements, pediments, roundels and windows.</p><br>
<p>The 1930s also saw the emergence of the Art Deco and associated modernist styles. These made their mark on the Mineola post office in its flat roof, broad limestone decoration and the absence of cornices at the roof line. The abstracted eagle shapes in the roudnel grilles are also another touch more in keeping with modernism than Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<p>Julius, located at 159 West 10th Street at Waverly Place, is a tavern in Manhattan&#39;s Greenwich Village neighborhood in New York City. It is often called the oldest continuously operating gay bar in New York City; however, its management was actively unwilling to operate as such and harassed gay customers until 1966.</p><br>
<p>An event at the Julius bar at 159 West 10th Street in 1966, which is a block northeast of the famous Stonewall Inn, established the right of homosexuals to be served in licensed premises in New York. This cleared the way for the opening of many new gay premises with state liquor licenses.</p><br>
<p>Newspaper articles on the wall indicate it was the favorite bar of Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote and Rudolf Nureyev. In 2016 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to bar lore it was established around 1867 – the same year as the Jacob Ruppert Brewery in the Yorkville neighborhood. Barrels stamped "Jacob Ruppert" are used for tables. Vintage photos of racing horses, boxers and actors are on the wall include drawings of burlesque girls as well as an image signed by Walter Winchell saying that he loves Julius. The bar became a popular watering hole in the 1930s and 1940s due to its proximity to the jazz club Nick&#39;s in the Village.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1950s it was attracting gay patrons. At the time the New York State Liquor Authority had a rule that ordered bars not to serve liquor to the disorderly, and homosexuals per se were considered "disorderly." Bartenders would often evict known homosexuals or order them not to face other customers in order to avoid cruising. Despite this, gay men continued to be a large part of the clientele into the early 1960s, and the management of Julius, steadfastly unwilling for it to become a gay bar, continued to harass them.</p><br>
<h3>The Sip-In</h3><br>
<p>On April 21, 1966 members of the New York Chapter of the Mattachine Society staged a "Sip-In" at the bar which was to change the legal landscape. Dick Leitsch, Craig Rodwell, the society&#39;s president and vice president respectively, and another society activist, John Timmons, planned to draw attention to the practice by identifying themselves as homosexuals before ordering a drink in order to bring court scrutiny to the regulation. The three were going to read from Mattachine stationary "We are homosexuals. We are orderly, we intend to remain orderly, and we are asking for service."</p><br>
<p>The three first targeted the Ukrainian-American Village Restaurant at St. Marks Place and Third Avenue in the East Village, Manhattan which had a sign, "If you are gay, please go away." The three showed up after a New York Times reporter had asked a manager about the protest and the manager had closed the restaurant for the day. They then targeted a Howard Johnsons and a bar called Waikiki where they were served in spite of the note with a bartender saying later, "How do I know theyre homosexual? They aint doing nothing homosexual."</p><br>
<p>The Mattachines then challenged the liquor rule in court and the courts ruled that gays had a right to peacefully assemble, which undercut the previous SLA contention that the presence of gay clientele automatically was grounds for charges of operating a "disorderly" premise. With this right established a new era of licensed, legally operating gay bars began. The bar now holds a monthly party called Mattachine.</p><br>
<h3>Subsequent history</h3><br>
<p>Scenes from the movie Boys in the Band (1970) were shot at the bar.</p><br>
<p>Julius was the site of a scene shot in the movie Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976). The scene included Lenny Baker and Christopher Walken.</p><br>
<p>In August 2007, the bar was closed briefly after being seized for non-payment of taxes.</p><br>
<p>Julius was the site of a scene in Ira Sachs&#39; gay indie movie Love is Strange (2014). The scene included John Lithgow and Alfred Molina. The wrap party also took place at the bar.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, in response to research and a request from the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, the New York State Division for Historic Preservation determined Julius eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The stated, “The building meets the criteria for listing in the area of social history for its association with the LGBT civil rights movement.” It mentioned that the building’s interior “remains remarkably intact from the 1966 era of significance.” It was listed in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>In fiction</h2><br>
<p>The Julius&#39;s denial of service was dramatized in the film Stonewall (1995). However, filmmakers moved the denial of service from Julius to the Stonewall Inn.</p><br>
<p>Lindøya is a small island located in the Oslofjord, just south of central Oslo. Administratively it belongs to the borough of Gamle Oslo.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, Lindøya was the Oslo base for the pioneer Norwegian airline, Det Norske Luftfartrederi, and its seaplanes. The operation only lasted until the autumn of 1920. When regular seaplane routes were again established in 1927, the operation was moved to neighboring Gressholmen.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting Lindøya</h2><br>
<p>The island is connected to Oslo by means of two boat routes: line 92 which dock on the western side of the island, and line 93 which dock on the eastern side. Service is year-round although very limited during the winter season.</p><br>
<h2>The name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is lind &#39;linden&#39; (Tilia cordata), the last element is the finite form of øy &#39;island&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The Zlatni Rat, often referred to as the Golden Cape or Golden Horn , is a spit of land located about 2 km west from the harbour town of Bol on the southern coast of the Croatian island of Brač, in the region of Dalmatia. It extends southward into the Hvar Channel, a body of water in the Adriatic Sea between the islands of Brač and Hvar, which is home to strong currents. The landform itself is mostly composed of a white pebble beach, with a Mediterranean pine grove taking up the remainder.</p><br>
<p>Zlatni Rat has been regularly listed as one of the top beaches in Europe. Its distinctive shape can be seen in many travel brochures, which made it one of the symbols of Croatian tourism.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The beaches on either side of the spit extend for some 634 m altogether, but the exact shape and length of the landform varies with regard to changes in tide, current, and wind. The spit points directly south. The farthest end, which is usually turned slightly towards the east, will often shift to the west in certain weather conditions, esp. a strong south-easterly Sirocco wind (known in Croatia as the Jugo). Changes in the shape of the beach occur once in every two to three years, and have been observed in 2010 and 2016.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding waters are usually cool and clear, due to the current in the Hvar Channel. The current is mildly hazardous for swimmers who venture far southwards from the tip towards the open sea, as it could be difficult to swim back west towards the beach (the swimmer being well over 150 m from the coast); the danger is not severe, however, as the standard current would carry the swimmer back east towards the harbor of Bol (and the beaches on the promontory of land that lies between Zlatni Rat and the town). A reliable afternoon westerly wind known as a Maestral has made the beach a destination for windsurfers.</p><br>
<p>The pine tree grove which borders the beach is home to the remnants of a Roman villa rustica, which included a swimming pool. The westernmost edge of the beach, and several coves to the west of the main beach, are traditionally clothing-optional. The promontory is protected as a geomorphological phenomenon.</p><br>
<p>The Portland City Hall is the center of city government in Portland, Maine. It is located at 389 Congress Street, and is set in a prominent rise, anchoring a cluster of civic buildings at the eastern end of Portland&#39;s downtown. The structure was built in 1909-12 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Portland City Hall occupies much of an entire city block, bounded by Congress, Myrtle, and Chestnut Streets, and Cumberland Avenue. Its original main portion is a U-shaped granite structure, the U open to Congress Street. A modern ell extends along Myrtle Street, behind the right leg of the U. The central portion is three stories in height, with a dormed mansard roof fronted by a low balustrade. A tower, 200 ft in height rises from the center of this section. Ground floor windows are set in rounded openings, a feature continued around the wings. There are three entrances, accessed via a broad set of stairs; the central one is topped by the city seal. The wings are two stories in height, with projecting colonnades of Tuscan columns facing the inside of the U. The wings are covered by hip roofs, with a bracketed cornice extending around.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building houses the city&#39;s offices. The organ it houses was the second largest in the world at the time of its construction in 1912.</p><br>
<p>Portlands City Hall was first built on this site in 1862, a building that was destroyed in the citys Great Fire of 1866. Rebuilt to a design by Francis H. Fassett, its replacement burned in 1908. The present City Hall was designed by the New York City firm of Carrere & Hastings, with local assistance provided by John Calvin Stevens and John Howard Stevens. It was inspired by New York City Hall, and was considered by John M. Carrere to be one of his finest works.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Portland Rum Riot on June 2, 1855, opponents of the state&#39;s Prohibition law stormed City Hall because they thought Mayor Neal Dow was keeping liquor in the basement. Newspapers reported that Dow ordered rioters to be fired upon, killing one and wounding seven.</p><br>
<p>The Hermitage Hotel, is a historic hotel located at 231 6th Avenue North in Nashville, Tennessee. Commissioned by 250 Nashville residents in 1908 and named for Andrew Jackson&#39;s estate The Hermitage near Nashville, the hotel opened in 1910. It was built in the Beaux-arts style and is the only remaining example of this style of architecture in a commercial building in Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The Hermitage Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel was constructed in the heart of downtown Nashville, two blocks from the state capitol, where Nashvilles finest residential neighborhood evolved into a business district early in the 20th century. Commissioned by 250 Nashvillians in 1908, The Hotel Hermitage opened its doors on Saturday, September 17, 1910. It was Nashvilles third "skyscraper" to be built downtown. In 1910, the new hotel advertised its rooms as "fireproof, noiseproof, and dustproof, rooms $2.00 and up." The hotel opened with every possible modern convenience, including a telephone and circulating ice water in all guest rooms.</p><br>
<p>The lobby itself was, and still is the main focal point of the hotel, a spacious Beaux-Arts masterpiece graced with a profusion of ornamental plaster and a painted glass ceiling. From the street entrance, a grand staircase leads to the lobby with walls distinctively built of golden-hued Sienna Marble. The Main Dining Room (now Grand Ballroom) was located off the lobby area and is richly detailed with Circassian walnut walls and an ornate ceiling, features that still exist today. A social room to the front of the hotel, elevated above lobby level, was named the Loggia (now Veranda). It was designed in an Italian Renaissance style, clad in ornamental white and poly chrome terra cotta with arched openings and balconies overlooking the street. Downstairs, adjoining the Oak Bar, was the Grille Room (now The Capitol Grille), which was originally designed as a rathskeller with vaulted ceilings and wood paneling. Along street entrance were an array of shops that included a pharmacy and clothing store, later a familiar place for many Nashvillians as an American Airlines ticket office. The original hotel included an exhibit hall on the ninth (top) floor, salesmen "sample rooms" on the eight floor, a cigar and newsstand in the lobby, and barbershop on the Grille level.</p><br>
<p>As one of Nashvilles leading hotels, it was the national platform for both pro and anti-suffrage forces in 1920, when Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution giving women the right to vote. The hotel also had early musical roots and influences in Nashville with its hotel "big band", the Francis Craig Orchestra. Mr. Craig and his musicians were part of the first days live radio broadcast of newly formed station WSM in October, 1925, the same station that soon developed the Grand Old Opry programming. Craig, on the eve of retirement in 1947, became a national musical celebrity when a song hed composed and recorded, "Near You" become Americas top selling record. Released on an independent label, the success helped compel the major record companies to establish a stronger Nashville presence and is a footnote in the evolution story of the then-emerging "Music City".</p><br>
<p>The Hermitage Hotel has experienced a storied past, including presidential visits that began with a banquet for President Taft in 1911, followed by Governor Woodrow Wilson in 1912 and in more recent decades, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and Richard Nixon. State politics has played a large role in the hotel history. It was often a campaign headquarters and an after-hours meeting place for legislators. Celebrities from Charlie Chaplin to Jack Dempsey have enjoyed the hospitality offered at the Hermitage, which has been known as much for its high levels of elegant service and dining as for its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<p>The grand dame closed at the end of 1977 with its fate uncertain. During that era the popularity of the inner city had declined, and the hotels prosperity had followed suit. Local preservationists (now Historic Nashville, Inc.) and Mayor Richard Fulton were driving forces behind saving the Hermitage as well as other landmarks of downtown Nashville such as the Ryman Auditorium. The hotel changed ownership and underwent a complete renovation, reopening in 1981 as a Park Suite Hotel. Subsequently, the hotel changed hands several more times in the 1980s and 1990s. Legendary pool player Minnesota Fats lived in the hotel during part of this era. In June 2000, Historic Hotels of Nashville, LLC, purchased The Hermitage Hotel and completely renovated the guest rooms and public areas. Originally offering 250 guestrooms a century ago, the hotel now provides 122 rooms and five fixture bathrooms to the travelling public. The hotel reopened on Valentines Day 2003 and received the American Automobile Association (AAA) Five-Diamond rating in 2007. It is currently the only AAA Five-Diamond hotel in Tennessee. A Forbes 5-Star rating (then Mobil 5-Star) was awarded in 2008 and these accolades have also perpetuated.</p><br>
<h2>Ties to Nashville music industry</h2><br>
<p>The Francis Craig Orchestra performed in the Oak Bar and Grille Room from 1929 to 1945. Craig&#39;s orchestra was also the first to broadcast over WSM and enjoyed phenomenal success with a 12-year show that was aired over the entire NBC network. In 1949, he introduced a newcomer, Dinah Shore, who entertained his audience with a new song entitled, "Near You."</p><br>
<p>The Clay Office and Conference Center is a renovated office complex formerly known as the Clay School. It is located at 453 Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It is the oldest school building in the city of Detroit. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1873, a frame schoolhouse was built at this location to serve the children living in the area. The building was designed by architect J.B. Tarleton, who served as the architect for the Detroit Board of Education from 1884 to 1890. This is the only school he designed that is still standing.</p><br>
<p>The building served as an elementary school until 1923. For the next eight years, it was a center for boys with discipline problems, and it was later used as headquarters for vocational study and as administrative offices for the Practical Nursing Center. In 1981, the building was sold to a developer, who converted the building into office space.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Clay School is a two story brick structure, measuring 72 feet by 80 feet, with a high basement and hipped roof. The basement is marked at the top with a line of exterior stones. The front facade has a central pavilion with an arched entryway decorated in stone. The central projecting tower was originally topped with a wooden cupola, which was removed in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the first and second floors each contain four classrooms with coat rooms. The basement level contains the boiler room and bathrooms. The interior contains the original trim, including beaded wainscoting in the hallways, wooden classroom doors with transoms, molded window and door trim, high baseboards and hardwood floors.</p><br>
<p>St. Marks Episcopal Church, now the Episcopal Parish of St. Mark and St. John, is a historic Episcopal church at 21 Race Street in Jim Thorpe, Carbon County, Pennsylvania. Completed in 1869, it is a prominent example of Gothic Revival architecture designed by that styles leading proponent, Richard Upjohn. It is one of Upjohn&#39;s last designs, and was largely funded by Asa Packer, a local millionaire whose fortunes were made in the coal fields. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>St. Mark&#39;s Church occupies a prominent location in the historic center of Mauch Chunk, as this part of Jim Thorpe was originally known, on the south side of Race Street just west of Susquehanna Street. It is a stone structure, built primarily out of local gray stone, with red stone as trim. It is set partly on natural terrace in a steeply sloping hillside, which has been extended and supported by a stone retaining wall. The church has a cruciform plan, with a square tower rising at the northeast corner. The outer corner of tower is extended by an octagonal stair turret, which rises a short way beyond the crenellated tower top to its own conical roof. The interior is tiered with the entrance and a small chapel at the lowest level, an intermediate level with another chapel, and then the main sanctuary. Movement between the levels is facilitated in part by a 1912 Otis elevator. The interior is lavishly appointed, with English tile, imported mahogany, and stained glass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany and others.</p><br>
<p>The church was designed by Richard Upjohn and was officially consecrated on October 25, 1869. The congregation was established in 1829, and its first church was completed on this site in 1848, with a formal consecration in 1852. The Mary Packer-Cummings Memorial Building, designed by Addison Hutton, was added to the church in 1912 when the 1912 Otis Cage Elevator was put in, this combine the two buildings that were once separate. However, the Memorial Building was originally built in 1881. Asa Packer was a vestryman for 44 years and warden for 24 years. He and his family donated considerable funds toward the construction of the church and its additions.</p><br>
<p>The church is a late work of Upton&#39;s, and represents a relatively pure version of the Gothic Revival, well removed from the stylistic elements of the Greek Revival that he began his career with.</p><br>
<p>The church congregation declined during the Great Depression, and it entered a cost-sharing agreement with Mauch Chunks other Episcopal congregation, St. Johns. The two were formally merged in 1980, and the St. John&#39;s church building was sold in 1984.</p><br>
<p>"Elmshaven", in St. Helena, California, also known as Ellen White House or Robert Pratt Place was a home of Ellen G. White from 1900 until her death in 1915. She was notable for her prophetic ministry, which was instrumental in founding the Sabbatarian Adventist movement that led to the rise of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1885 by Robert H. Pratt and initially known as the Robert Pratt Place. Ellen White purchased the home in 1900, naming it "Elmshaven" after the row of Elm trees at its front. She lived there until her death in 1915. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1993.</p><br>
<p>It is currently owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church as an Adventist historic site.</p><br>
<p>The Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and Fort Mears are the two military installations built next to each other in Dutch Harbor, on Amaknak Island of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska, by the United States in response to the growing war threat with Imperial Japan. In 1938 the Navy Board recommended the construction which began in July 1940. The first army troops arrived in June 1941 and the navy air base was finished in September 1941. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, these were the only military installations in the Aleutian Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Dutch Harbor occupies the central portion of Amaknak Island, a small island in Unalaska Bay which is separated from the larger Unalaska Island by Iliuliuk Bay. The two islands are joined (and were in the 1940s) joined by a bridge connecting the city of Unalaska to the southern portion of Amaknak Island. During World War II the entirety of Amaknak Island was used by the United States Navy as an operating base, and by the United States Army, which manned coastal defenses on the high ground at the northern and southern parts of the island. The central portion of the island was occupied by the facilities of the naval base, which included a runway and other aircraft support facilities, munitions storage facilities, barracks, a hospital, and a bomb-proof power plant. South of the naval base was Fort Mears, (named in tribute to Frederick Mears) which primarily consisted of barracks for the troops manning the coastal defenses. The coastal defenses included batteries placed to the north on Ulakta Head and Mount Ballyhoo, and to the south on what the army called Hill 400, but is now known as Bunker Hill for its surviving structures.</p><br>
<h2>Battle of Dutch Harbor</h2><br>
<p>On June 3, 1942, the Japanese Navy attacked Dutch Harbor. Originally planned to start at the same time as the battle of Midway, it occurred a day earlier due to one-day delay in the sailing of Nagumo&#39;s task force. 43 Americans and at least one Japanese died during the attacks, which lasted for two days. The base remained an important part of coastal defenses for the remainder of World War II.</p><br>
<h2>Postwar</h2><br>
<p>Shortly after the end of World War II, the US military abandoned their Dutch Harbor outposts. For decades afterwards, the buildings remained standing, generally abandoned. With the growth of the king crab fishery in the 1970s, many of these buildings were used as warehouses, bunkhouses, and family homes. In the late 1980s, the US government finally funded a cleanup of the derelict fort, and the area was turned over for commercial use.</p><br>
<p>The Japanese Occupation Site on Kiska island  in the Rat Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska is where the Japanese Navy attacked and occupied United States territory during World War II. The Japanese built defenses and other infrastructure on the island before abandoning it in 1943 after losing the Battle of Attu. American and Canadian forces reoccupied the abandoned island, and departed the island in 1946. Now a part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, the central portion of the island, where these military activities were concentrated, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kiska is a small island near the western end of the Aleutian Islands. Although it is regularly subject to stormy weather and fog, it features one of finest harbors in the area. At the time of World War II, Kiska was occupied by United States Navy weather station with a complement of ten men. On June 6–7, 1942, in actions designed to roughly coordinate with their attack on Midway Island, Japanese forces occupied both Kiska and Attu against no opposition. Although they had originally planned to withdraw from both islands before the onset of winter, the Japanese high command decided to hold them. Both islands were fortified, and Kiska was made their administrative center for further operations in the Aleutian Islands Campaign. On Kiska they built an airfield, a series of coastal and antiaircraft defenses, a submarine base, seaplane base, and quarters for troops. Naval facilities were concentrated on the northwestern shore of Kiska Harbor, with army facilities at Gertrude Cove. Dummy defenses were constructed all over the island, while real defenses were concentrated around the main bases and at the North Head of Kiska Harbor.</p><br>
<p>The Japanese invasion eventually brought an American response. Allied air forces engaged in bombing campaigns that increased in severity as airfields closer to Kiska were built, and Japanese shipping was harried by naval forces. Then, in twenty days of battle in May 1943, American marine forces retook Attu. The Japanese consequently stepped up their fortifications on Kiska, but abandoned the island on July 28, having never finished construction of the airfield. Allied forces, unaware of the Japanese withdrawal, arrived in force on August 15. In an operation that cost 200 men to a variety of causes including friendly fire, the island was occupied. Among the items left behind by the Japanese were three disabled ships on the beaches of Kiska Harbor, one at Gertrude Cove, and a sunken I-class submarine at the site of the submarine base. Allied military changes included completion of the airfield runways and the installation of further defenses. Allied forces withdrew from the island in 1946.</p><br>
<p>When inventoried by the US Army in 1976, surviving elements of the Japanese occupation included the submarine pen, a number of machine gun and antiaircraft gun emplacements, the wrecked freighter Nozima Maru, a midget submarine, and a structure that served as officers&#39; quarters.</p><br>
<p>Kiska Island is now administratively part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, and authorization is required to visit the island. The central portion of the island, where the Japanese facilities were concentrated, and where the Allied landing took place, was designated a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Sprague&#39;s Super Service is a historic independent gas station on Route 66 in Normal, Illinois.</p><br>
<p>A Tudor revival building constructed in 1931 by William Sprague to house a service station, restaurant and garage, it is the largest of three remaining two-story fuel station buildings on US 66, originally housing a café and service station on the main floor plus two second-floor apartments for the owner and the station attendant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As Pine Street (the main USA 66 route before construction of the Veterans Parkway as a bypass after 1940) is part of a largely-residential neighbourhood, the station was designed to fit with its surroundings by having the building follows the architectural conventions of a private residence.</p><br>
<p>While additions were made to the station in 1948 and 1967 (one of which sited a second auto service bay as an adjoining garage beside the main building) the original building&#39;s design has been left largely intact. Originally a Cities Service vendor, the station has sold various brands of fuel (including Gulf Oil during the 1960s). The last fuel was dispensed in 1971 and the pumps removed by 1979. The building then served as a storefront for various businesses including Joe’s Welding and Boiler Company, Corn Belt Manufacturing, Yellow Cab and Avis Rent-a-Car. The last occupants were Hodge’s Catering and Bridal World before the building was ultimately left vacant.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration effort</h2><br>
<p>Illinois State University instructor and Route 66 historical author Terri Ryburn, with her husband William Sanders (August 23, 1933 - January 6, 2011), purchased the station at a cost of $220,000 to begin restoration in October 2006. An architectural study was completed and the roof, electric and plumbing systems, bathrooms, ceilings and heating and air conditioning system replaced as the first steps in an eventual restoration of the property. The owner&#39;s stated intention is to reopen the historic building as an information centre, café, diner, soda fountain, bed and breakfast and event space; these plans have been delayed due to an estimated total cost of $1.2 million to fully complete this ambitious project.</p><br>
<p>Sprague&#39;s Super Service has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 25, 2008, was inducted into the Route 66 Association of Illinois Hall of Fame in 2009 and designated municipally as a local historic landmark on August 15, 2011.</p><br>
<p>In December 2010, a outdoor wayside exhibit was installed to describe the history of the Sprague Service Station in all the various incarnations it has gone through over the years as a service station, a residence and various retail operations. In 2012, a group of Illinois State University interior design students proposed various designs for interior renovations.</p><br>
<p>Various attempts have been made to raise funds to complete the restoration; in addition to about $90,000 from the owner&#39;s own pockets, contributions have included a $46,695 grant from the town for a new roof and temporary furnace, a $20,000 matching grant from the National Park Service for a heating and air conditioning system, duct work and ceiling, a $10,000 matching grant from the National Park Service to replace windows in the living quarters above the station, a $10,000 grant from the state for two new bathrooms and a day of volunteer service from the Route 66 Association. An additional $10,000 federal matching grant in 2012 subsidized restoration of historic wood-frame windows and doors.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, proceeds from the sale of a ‘Pics on Route 66′ 2011 Calendar by David Schwartz were donated to the restoration effort; local classic country group Wagon Load A Trouble performed for free at the site in 2014. Attempts have also been made to raise funds through private individual donation.</p><br>
<p>Ryburn still plans at some point to include a coffee and ice cream shop, a tea room and theatre space but, as of 2014, says "The short-term goal now is to finish the downstairs and rent that out as event space, so I can get some income to finish my plans. I can&#39;t afford the equipment for a restaurant now."</p><br>
<p>Centennial Lake is a man-made 54 acre reservoir, in a 325 acre park in Howard County, Maryland, near Columbia, Maryland and Clarksville, known as Centennial Park. It was created by damming the Centennial Branch of the Little Patuxent River. The lake and the park feature a dam, a wildlife area, a walking trail, boating, fishing, and other recreational activities. The park is owned by the Howard County Department of Recreation and Parks.</p><br>
<p>The lake is used by the county and state for the conservation of various types of fish, such as trout and bass, with fishing restrictions implemented, though an overabundance has resulted in restrictions being lifted at times. Currently, normal non-tidal Maryland Department of Natural Resources fishing regulations apply.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1969, the County attempted to purchase by condemnation, 64 acres of the land occupying Centennial Park from a company run by the land speculator Joel Kline for $3,180 an acre. The property contained an early 1800s farmhouse that had been destroyed by fire during Klines ownership. Kline was later indicted for real estate fraud that was linked to local politicians up to Spiro Agnew who was forced to resign. The County eventually bought the Centennial lake parkland from Klines creditors in 1975 at nearly twice the cost. In 1969, Spiro Agnew proclaimed the arrival of the first Columbia based scientific firm, Hittman Associates that relocated for favorable lease rates from Howard Research and Development. Hittman in turn was contracted by the EPA using Wilde Lake as an example to recommend reuse of storm water runoff from Columbia&#39;s reservoir systems for residential drinking water to save on development costs. On 1 December 2013, the lake was temporarily closed following the drowning of a man. In late Fall 2015, the lake was lowered nearly 10 feet to accommodate repairs to the dam riser gates. It was restored to normal levels in January 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Architects Building is an office building located at 415 Brainard Street in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Architects Building is a seven-story building built in 1924 by Thomas J. Thompson, a man involved with the hotel and restaurant trade. Thompson hired Richard H. Marr, a well-known Detroit architect, to design the building. Its original purpose was to provide space for all architectural professionals and trades in one building. When the Architects Building opened, 25 firms had space in the building, including Marr and architect Marcus R. Burrowes.</p><br>
<p>However, the Great Depression was hard on the building. In 1933, only three architects remained in the building, and in 1936 Thompson estate (he had died in 1928) lost the building to foreclosure. After 1940 both Marr and Burrowes moved out, and the buildings association with the field of architecture seems to have ended. In 1950, the building was renamed the Contractor&#39;s Storage Building, and in 1974, it was purchased by the Salvation Army. In 1985, it was purchased by the Cass Corridor Neighborhood Development Corporation.</p><br>
<h2>Description and significance</h2><br>
<p>The Architects Building is a seven-story Neo-Classical Revival commercial building, built with a reinforced concrete frame, faced with buff brick, and trimmed in stone. It is the tallest building in the immediate vicinity, and despite the sweeping changes elsewhere in the neighborhood, the exterior is in good condition. The first floor lobby, the most significant area within the building, is still in good condition and looks much as it was designed.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>In 1999, the CCNDC renovated the building and turned it into 27 apartments for low-income residents.</p><br>
<p>The Seal Island Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District located on the islands of St. George and St. Paul in the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea of Alaska. These islands are home to northern fur seal herds which were actively hunted by indigenous populations and later by many nationalities. These islands of the Pribilofs are also the southern end of the range of the polar bear,  The North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 signed by the United Kingdom, Japan, Russia and the United States limited hunting of the seals on these islands; this international treaty was one of the first conservation treaties, and set the stage for subsequent treaties.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Pribilof Islands were discovered by Russian fur hunters in 1786, and in the following years a number of small villages for hunting and processing seals were established, including ones at the sites of the present-day St. George and St. Paul. After the Russian American Company was granted an exclusive monopoly on fur in the area, these villages were largely consolidated. The Company continued to exploit the seal population until the area was sold to the United States in 1867. The area was then administered by the United States government, with leases authorizing private companies to exploit the herd. By the early 20th century, the seal population had fallen dramatically, from an estimated millions to under 300,000. Due to the lucrative nature of the industry, the Kingdoms of Russia, Japan, United Kingdom, and the United States agreed to a moratorium on seal fishing in the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911.</p><br>
<p>The seal population had significantly recovered by the 1920s, and was around 1.5 million in 1952. The Convention expired in 1985, bringing an effective end to the seal hunting industry. The area is now part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, and the herd is generally subject only to subsistence hunting by the native Aleut population. Although no longer commercially hunted, the seal population has been decreasing recently, possibly due to huge amounts of debris that has washed up on the islands.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark areas</h2><br>
<p>Three areas of Saint Paul and Saint George were designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1962, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. On Saint George, the district includes a strip of land on the north shore, encompassing historic elements of the city of St. George, and extending east to a rookery and historic kill site area. On Saint Paul, the historic portion of the main city are included in the district, as is most of the northeastern triangular peninsula ending at North Point, where major rookeries are located. About 10% of the land area of Saint Paul Island is included in the district. In both cities, historic structures include industrial processing facilities as well as worker housing. The Russian Orthodox churches in the two communities, Sts. Peter and Paul Church in St. Paul and St. George the Great Martyr Orthodox Church in St. George, also contribute to the area&#39;s historic significance and are separately listed on the National Register. The rookery area on St. George includes the remains of one of the early Russian-built villages, Staraya Atil. On Saint Paul the district includes nine separate rookery areas and five historic village sites.</p><br>
<p>The San Fernando Building is an Italian Renaissance Revival style building built in 1906 in downtown Los Angeles, California. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, converted into lofts in 2000, and declared a Historic-Cultural Monument in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and construction</h2><br>
<p>James Boone Lankershim (1850-1931), a wealthy wheat farmer and miller whose father owned much of the San Fernando Valley in the late 19th Century, hired architect John F. Blee to design the building. Constructed at a reported cost of $200,000, the building opened in 1907 and was considered one of the finest office buildings in the city. The lobby has a 22-foot ceiling, and the exterior is decorated with elaborate cornice work and spandrel panels with an incised diamond motif. Originally a six-story structure, two additional stories designed by Robert Brown Young & Son were added in 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Illegal gambling and police raids</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s history includes multiple reports of illegal gambling. The current building web site notes that the building was the site of gambling activities around 1910, resulting in several raids by the police. In 1930 police raided the San Fernando Building again, and arrested eleven men for conducting illegal lottery operations at the building; police also arrested a woman for possession of eight quarts of liquor. The Los Angeles Times described the building as "local headquarters for various well-known lotteries." Police said they found thousands of tickets for the "Army and Navy Veterans of Canada Sweepstakes," the "Cuban Sweepstakes," and other chance-taking ventures, including baseball pools and "bank-clearings guessing ventures." Police also said one of the gamblers had robbed a Los Angeles bank, and had hidden the money somewhere in the building. The money has never been found.</p><br>
<h2>Other points of interest in building's early history</h2><br>
<p>In addition to its association with gambling and lotteries, the San Fernando Building was known for the many legitimate businesses operating there. Other highlights from the building&#39;s early history include:</p><br>
<p>In 1907 the Los Angeles Realty Board and the California State Realty Federation, responsible for investigating real estate fraud and other "queer deals," moved into the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1913 physicians and surgeons formed the city&#39;s first cooperative telephone exchange at the San Fernando Building. The system was intended to provide 24-hour communication between doctors and patients, freeing doctors to attend the theater or make an out-of-town trip.</p><br>
<p>The California Film Exchange, housing film stock from Hollywoods early motion pictures, was located in Unit 110 of the building. In October 1913 a fire broke out destroying some 150 motion pictures. The fire was caused by an overheated motor, leading to two explosions when the flames reached chemicals stored at the exchange. Three individuals, including a fireman, were hospitalized; the night operator of the physicians telephone exchange located above the film office narrowly escaped the flames. The fire led to calls to prohibit the storage of highly flammable films in downtown office buildings.</p><br>
<p>In 1917 the "Half Century Association" was founded, establishing its headquarters on the seventh floor of the San Fernando Building. The association was organized for the purpose of "breaking down the unjust age limit" set by government and private business for civil and private service and "to do for the man who has passed the half-century mark what the Y.M.C.A. does for the young men of the country."</p><br>
<p>The USA Army operated its Los Angeles recruiting station at the corner of Fourth and Main in the San Fernando Building during World War I. When the United States entered the war in the spring of 1917, the Los Angeles Times reported that "the offices in the San Fernando Building were crowded during the day with applicants for enlistment in the National Guard and Reserve Corps." The building served as the Army&#39;s recruiting center again during World War II, as the Times reported on Hollywood actors joining in "the long service induction line in the San Fernando Building."</p><br>
<h2>Historic designations</h2><br>
<p>The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and was designated a Historic-Cultural Monument (HCM #728) by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Conversion to loft space</h2><br>
<p>In the 1980s and 1990s, the area surrounding the San Fernando Building had become part of skid row. In 1998, Gilmore Associates announced plans to convert the San Fernando Building and two other early 20th Century buildings located nearby (the Hellman and Continental Buildings) into 230 lofts. Gilmores plan to convert a block of skid row into upscale lofts was initially met with skepticism; one expert described the location as desolate, and opined that the lack of such amenities as a grocery store nearby could make the project "a tough sell." However, the Los Angeles Times saw the project as having the potential to change the downtown area: "That distant sound of hammers you hear is coming from the corner of Spring and 4th, where developer Tom Gilmore has initiated an amazing project...Gilmore has assembled an entire block of buildings extending along 4th Street, from Spring to Main. It includes the 12-story Continental Building, generally regarded as the citys first skyscraper; the Farmers and Merchants Bank complex, and the San Fernando Building, built by potentate developer James B. Lankershim."</p><br>
<p>The San Fernando Building was the first of the three buildings to reopen in August 2000, and by March 2001, the building was 93% leased to tenants paying rents between $790 and $6,000 per month. The converted buildings consisted of large, open lofts with high ceilings and no interior walls except for the bathrooms. The conversion was designed by architect Wade Killefer, who noted, "What lends these buildings to residential use is lots of windows and high ceilings, offering wonderful light." The combined project became known as the Old Bank District lofts.</p><br>
<p>The gentrification of skid row has drawn criticism from homeless advocates. Alice Callaghan of Las Familias Del Pueblo said, "Skid row is the last place in the community where a person can go if they have no money and no family." Callaghan criticized developers swooping in to buy the area&#39;s affordable housing stock: "For them to come and take irreplaceable housing stock for people who have no choice about where to live, so they can have some Disneyland Manhattan experience, is outrageous and immoral."</p><br>
<p>Petes Cafe and Bar, an upscale bar and restaurant, operates on the ground floor of the building in space occupied during World War I by the Armys recruiting station.</p><br>
<p>The Skagway Historic District and White Pass is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing a significant portion of the area within the United States associated with the Klondike Gold Rush. It includes the historic portion of Skagway, Alaska, including the entire road grid of the 1897 town, as well as the entire valley on the United States side of White Pass all the way to the Canada–US border. This area includes surviving fragments of three historic routes used during the Gold Rush, as well as the route of the White Pass and Yukon Railroad. Almost 100 buildings remain from the Gold Rush period. Portions of the district are preserved as part of Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park.</p><br>
<p>The Skagway portion of the district includes the historic heart of the town, a region 23 block long and varying in width from three to five blocks. Fourteen of these blocks were under National Park Service protection in 1999. Buildings in the district are generally wood frame structures with one or two stories, which have been brightly painted. Commercial buildings often have false fronts, commercial window displays, and recessed entries, and are sited directly against the sidewalk, while residences are set back. The district includes more than 350 buildings in Skagway, and only eight structures outside the city.</p><br>
<p>The Arctic Brotherhood Hall (1899), its front covered with driftwood, is one of the contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The valley that rises steeply above Skagway was one of the main routes to the gold fields of the Yukon River. (The other, the Chilkoot Trail, is located west of Skagway, and is part of the National Historic Landmark Chilkoot Trail and Dyea Site historic district.) Two overland routes, the 1897 trail and the Brackett Wagon Road, worked their way up White Pass, as did a water-based route along the Skagway River, and the White Pass and Yukon Railroad, completed in 1900. Part of the valley now also carries the Klondike Highway. There are numerous areas along these historic routes (some of which have not been identified with precision, and may have followed variable routes during the rush) where camp sites and other remnants of the rush are to be found.</p><br>
<p>The Chilkoot Trail and Dyea Site is a National Historic Landmark district comprising the Chilkoot Trail and the former town of Dyea, Alaska. They are contained in the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park which preserves the historic buildings and locations connected to the Klondike Gold Rush period of Alaskan history. For a brief period between 1897 and 1899, this trail and town were full of prospectors. By 1905, most of the buildings had been demolished or removed.</p><br>
<h2>Dyea</h2><br>
<p>Dyea is a ghost town located at the convergence of the Taiya River and Taiya Inlet on the south side of the Chilkoot Pass within the limits of the Municipality of Skagway Borough, Alaska. During the Klondike Gold Rush prospectors disembarked at its port and used the Chilkoot Trail, a Tlingit trade route over the Coast Mountains, to begin their journey to the gold fields around Dawson City, Yukon, about 800 km away. Confidence man and crime boss Soapy Smith, famous for his underworld control of the neighboring town of Skagway in 1897-98 is believed to have had control of Dyea as well.</p><br>
<p>The port at Dyea had shallow water, while neighboring Skagway had deep water. Dyea was abandoned when the White Pass and Yukon Route railroad chose the White Pass Trail, which begins in Skagway, over the Chilkoot Trail</p><br>
<h2>Chilkoot Trail</h2><br>
<p>The Chilkoot Trail is a 33 mi trail through the Coast Mountains that leads from Dyea to Bennett, British Columbia, in Canada. Tlingit First Nations used the trail as a vital trade route to trade for resources available in the interior. As pressures from American settlers and the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company weakened the traditional Tlingit trading system, the Chilkoot Trail slowly became utilized by explorers and prospectors.</p><br>
<p>The Klondike Gold Rush transformed the Chilkoot Trail into a mainstream transportation route to Canada&#39;s interior. The gold rush was primarily focused in the region around Dawson City in Yukon and the Yukon River. Of the several overland routes, the Chilkoot Trail was the most direct, least expensive, and, soon enough, most popular. It was eclipsed by the construction of the railway from Skagway, and was soon abandoned.</p><br>
<p>The League of Catholic Women Building is located at 100 Parsons Street in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It is also known as Casgrain Hall or the Activities Building. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1906, a group of women from all over Detroit associated with the Catholic Church organized the Weinman Club as a charitable organization, dedicated to providing assistance to immigrants flooding into Detroit. In 1911, the club was renamed the Catholic Settlement Association, and in 1915 it was reorganized and again renamed the League of Catholic Women. As immigration was curtailed in the 1920s, the League shifted focus to assisting single young women who were seeking employment in the city.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>When this building was constructed, the League spent over $1,000,000, raised by a membership numbering some 12,000 women.</p><br>
<p>The building originally provided accommodations for 250 women. These women were between the ages of 18 and 30 and earned less than $150 per month. The building also housed the League’s offices, and included a cafeteria, a chapel, library, ballroom, auditorium and a roof top garden.</p><br>
<h2>Later use</h2><br>
<p>Over time, the aims of the League changed, as they opened community centers and neighborhood services. In the 1960s, the League began providing housing to women attending Wayne State University&#39;s School of Nursing. In 1972, the League repaired and improved the building. In 1982, the building was converted into 82 apartment units for low-income elderly and/or handicapped with Section 8 rent subsidies.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, the organization officially changed its name from the League of Catholic Women to Metro Matrix Human Services. The League of Catholic Women continued as a division of Metro Matrix, and the organization continues to operate from the building.</p><br>
<p>Mount Yake literally, "Burning mountain" is an active volcano in the Hida Mountains, lying between Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, and Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, reaching 2,455 m at the highest peak.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Yake is the most active of all the volcanoes in the Hida Mountains. Its two main peaks are the northern and southern peaks, but visitors can only ascend to the northern peak, as the southern peak is currently a restricted area. A crater lake lies between the two peaks.</p><br>
<p>Because the lava flowing from Mount Yake has a high viscosity, it is easily able to build a lava dome.</p><br>
<p>The heat from the volcano produces many onsen in the surrounding area.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>In 1911, 22 minor eruptions were recorded. In 1915, during the Taishō period, however, there was a major eruption. The flow of the lava blocked the Azusa River, which caused the river to form a lake that was named Lake Taishō. The Azusa River is again flowing today, but the lake still remains.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, there was an eruption that killed two people staying at a small hut near the mouth of the volcano.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, a tunnel was being constructed on the Nagano Prefecture side of the mountain, through Mount Akandana, which was thought to be part of Mount Yake. At 2:25pm on February 11, the workers encountered volcanic gases, which were quickly followed by a phreatic eruption on Mount Yake, leading to the death of four people. Later explorations have shown that Mount Akandana is an independent volcano.</p><br>
<p>There is still an active fumarole near the mountain&#39;s peak.</p><br>
<p>The World War II Facilities at Midway were built as part of the fortification leading up to World War II. The Midway Atoll&#39;s unique location halfway between the United States and Japan ensured it would hold a strategic position. This island was the site of the pivotal Battle of Midway which shifted the balance of sea power in the Pacific towards the United States.</p><br>
<p>The atoll&#39;s two main islands, Eastern Island and Sand Island, were both fortified by the Navy. Eastern Island, the smaller of the two islands, had three runways in a triangular configuration, and was defended by six coastal and dual-purpose batteries, armed with 3-, 5-, and 7-inch guns. Sand Island, one mile wide and two long, was completely developed by the Navy, but had no runways until after the war. At the time of the battle, Sand Island was defended by six batteries erected by the 6th Defense Battalion, and one by the 3d Defense Battalion. In clockwise order from the northwest corner of the island, these were: Battery C, two 5-inch guns; "naval" battery, two 3-inch guns; Battery F, four 3-inch guns; Battery A, two 5-inch guns; Battery D, four 3-inch guns; unnamed battery, two 7-inch guns; Battery A, two 5-inch guns; 3d Battalion Battery D, four 3-inch guns.</p><br>
<p>The military shut down all of its bases by 1993, handing over control to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The islands remain mostly uninhabited and unvisited. They are part of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.</p><br>
<p>Many of the facilities built by the Navy during the war deteriorated as the population of the Eastern and Sand Islands declined. Some facilities, such as the Eastern Island runways, were abandoned. New runways were built on Sand Island, in some cases destroying some of the surviving war defenses in the process. A number of the surviving elements of the atoll&#39;s defenses were designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1987. The following elements, all on Sand Island, comprise that designation:</p><br>
<p>three ammunition magazines associated with Battery A: S-7113, S-7119, S-7121</p><br>
<p>one and a half emplacements for 3-inch guns of 3d Battalion Battery D</p><br>
<p>two ammunition magazines associated with 3d Battalion Battery D: S-7124, S-7125</p><br>
<p>a concrete pillbox near S-7125</p><br>
<p>two emplacements for the 3-inch naval battery</p><br>
<p>one ammunition magazine near the naval battery: S-6194</p><br>
<p>Farrington Lake is a scenic freshwater reservoir in Middlesex County, New Jersey near Milltown, New Jersey. Created by a dam on the Lawrence Brook, a tributary of the Raritan River, the lake is in fact a widened section of the Lawrence Brook. Its main tributaries are the Ireland Brook, the Beaverdam Brook, and the Oakeys Brook.</p><br>
<p>The lake is named after Edward Farrington, mayor of New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1915–1918, who envisioned the construction of the dam to supply water to his city. Mayor Farrington died while in office, in 1918.</p><br>
<p>The lake is bordered by East Brunswick, North Brunswick and South Brunswick. It covers about 1.17 km² (290 acres) and has a mean depth of 2 meters (6 ft) with a maximum depth of 4 meters (12 ft). The lake is accessible from a boat ramp; the only powered boats allowed are those with an electric motor.</p><br>
<p>Fish species in the lake include Chain Pickerel, Channel Catfish, Largemouth Bass, Northern Pike, Crappie, Brown Trout, Yellow Perch and Rainbow Trout.</p><br>
<p>The most spectacular view of the dam is after rainy days, when water cascades down its monumental steps.</p><br>
<p>Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isely Field & Marpi Point, Saipan Island is a National Historic Landmark District consisting of several discontiguous areas of the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands. The sites were designated for their association with the Japanese defense of Saipan during World War II, the 1944 Battle of Saipan in which Allied forces captured the island, and the subsequent campaigns which used Saipan as a base. The district includes the landing beaches where the Allies landed, the remnants of Japanese airfields Aslito and Marpi Point, and Isely Field, the Allied airfield built over much of Aslito from which B-29 bombers were used to bomb the Japanese home islands. Included in the Marpi Point area are Suicide Cliff and Banzai Cliff, two locations where significant numbers of Japanese military and civilians jumped to their deaths rather than surrender to advancing forces. The loss of Saipan was a major blow to the Japanese war effort, leading to the resignation of Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, The landmark designation was made in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Landing beaches</h2><br>
<p>The main beaches where Allied forces landed during the Battle of Saipan are on the west side of the island, extending from a point south of Garapan southward around Agingan Point and onto Obyan Beach. The landmarked area includes the beaches themselves and the lagoons out to the fringing coral reef. This area includes a small number of remnant Japanese defenses, including several pillboxes, a partially-constructed gun emplacement, and a small Japanese tank that has been set on a pillbox as a sort of monument.</p><br>
<h2>Aslito/Isely Field</h2><br>
<p>The Japanese built Aslito Airfield, now the site of Saipan International Airport, in 1934. It was captured early in the Battle of Saipan; a significant number of its concrete structures survived the battle and the later development of Isely Field and the present airport. Most of these structures are abandoned; the best-preserved is the former air operations building, which was rehabilitated and used as a tourist bureau.</p><br>
<p>The main elements of Isely Field to survive in the post-war period are its runways, one of which is now used by the modern airport. Elements of the aprons and taxiways used by the B-29s survive to some degree, but are overgrown. Included in this area is a portion of Obyan Beach where a Japanese pillbox is located.</p><br>
<h2>Marpi Point</h2><br>
<p>Marpi Point is the northernmost part of the island. At the north-facing Suicide Cliff, an unknown but large number of civilians and soldiers jumped to their deaths rather than surrendering to the advancing Allied forces. The area is now marked by memorials at the top and base of the cliff. Nearby is a Japanese cave fortification known locally as the "last command post". Below this is a plain where the Japanese had built a small airfield, and the Allies later built Marpi Point Field, of which only remnants survive. At the very northernmost point of the island is Banzai Cliff, where more people jumped to their deaths. There is also a well-concealed pillbox whose position commands most of the island&#39;s north coast.</p><br>
<p>Marietta Square, also called Glover Park, is a park and traditional city center in Marietta, Georgia, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the Cobb County courthouse burned in 1848, Mayor John Glover donated the land to the city on the condition that it would stay a park or return to its heirs. Since then, the new courthouse has moved to its existing location, across the street from the southeast corner of the park. During the Civil War, the park was used as a training ground for the militia. On the north end of the park, a well provided water to parched men and women with a trough for horses. In the early 1900s the Atlanta trolley system was extended to Marietta and the trolley would turn around by circling the park. There was a maintenance shed across the street from the northeast corner.</p><br>
<h2>Photos</h2><br>
<p>Nedorazumeniya Island  is an island on the north coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. It lies on the north side of Taui Bay, between Amakhton Bay to the west and Nagaev Bay to the east. It is about 20 km west of the city of Magadan.</p><br>
<p>Nedorazumeniya Island lies 3 km off the coast and is roughly triangular in shape. It is 3.5 km long and has a maximum width of about 2 km.</p><br>
<p>On Nedorazumeniya&#39;s northeastern headland there is a settlement called Ribachiy.</p><br>
<p>Administratively Nedorazumeniya Island belongs to the Magadan Oblast of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name of the island is remarkable. "Nedorazumeniye" in Russian means "misunderstanding", "error". The island got such a strange name because it was originally not mapped by a Russian expedition in the 1910s. Then the mistake was identified and corrected.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Between 1853 and 1885, American and Russian whaleships anchored between Nedorazumeniya Island and the mainland to obtain shelter from storms, procure wood and water from the island, flense whales, or boil oil. They called the island Fabius Island, while the anchorage was called Fabius Harbor. Both features are named after the ship Fabius (432 tons), of New Bedford, which frequented Taui Bay in the early 1850s. A graveyard existed on the north side of the island. Boats also spent the night on the island after cruising for bowhead whales all day.</p><br>
<p>Vlhošť  is the highest mountain  in Kokořínsko area, Czech Republic.</p><br>
<p>It consists of sandstone and phonolite. The phonolite comes from tertiary volcanism while the sandstones are older. Rock terraces are visible.</p><br>
<p>A nature preserve, covering 81,99 ha of its summit and south-western rock cliff, was established in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name Vlhošť is probably related to the Czech word vlhký meaning wet.</p><br>
<h2>Location and surroundings</h2><br>
<p>The mountain lies 10 km south-west from the city of Česká Lípa. A small village of Hvězda, a part of Blíževedly municipality, is located just under the mountain. Other natural attractions nearby include Husa (a rock formation, a natural monument), the mountain of Ronov (a natural monument) with a castle ruin atop, Pod Hvězdou (a natural monument) and Stříbrný vrch (a natural monument).</p><br>
<p>High Stones, at 550 m, is the highest point within the boundaries of both Sheffield and South Yorkshire, England. It lies on the Howden Moors towards the northern boundary of the Peak District National Park, between Langsett Reservoir to the north east and Howden Reservoir to the south west. The area is managed by the National Trust, as part of the Nether Hey area of their High Peak Estate.</p><br>
<p>High Stones is about 1 mi south of Margery Hill which, at 546m, is the highest marked point within Sheffield. High Stones is only shown on 1:25,000 scale maps and larger.</p><br>
<p>The cairn at High Stones is at the marked 548 m point; being something over two feet tall means that the top of the cairn is just over 1800 ft above sea level. The most recent 1:25,000 Ordnance Survey Map shows a small 550m contour just west of the High Stones marked point, meaning that small patch of moorland is the highest point in Sheffield at just slightly over 550 m.</p><br>
<p>The Main Street Historic District is one of two such districts in the village of Roslyn, New York. It is, as its name suggests, located along Main Street between North Hempstead Turnpike  and East Broadway, incorporating Tower Street and portions of Glen Avenue and Paper Mill Road.</p><br>
<p>It is mostly residential, with some commercial development at its northern end. The 50 buildings within it are mostly houses, many built during the 19th century before the Civil War, in the Federal and Greek Revival styles. Main Street has changed very little despite the heavy growth of surrounding areas of Nassau County. The district was created in the early 1970s and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Main Street area is bounded on the east by the waters of Roslyn Pond and on the west by steep upward slopes. There are no through cross streets, save Old Northern Boulevard, intersecting Main between North Hempstead and East Broadway. This geographic separation has been credited with helping the district retain its historic character.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, a small park was created out of some of the Roslyn Pond land as part of a malaria control project. It contains a replica of Roslyn&#39;s original paper mill, and is included within the district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What has since become Roslyn was first settled in the mid-17th century as Hempstead Harbor, a port community serving Hempstead and other communities to the south. The Main Street area was where this settlement took place. The oldest property in the district, a section of the Van Nostrand-Starkins House, dates to 1680, during this period.</p><br>
<p>In 1700 the village&#39;s first gristmill was built. Hendrick Onderdonk took it over in the 1750s, and was able to open up a paper mill in 1773, the first real industry in the village. Around that time the first extant house along Main Street, now numbered 150 Main Street, was built as well, by Wilson Williams, a cooper who worked for Onderdonk. George Washington stayed there in 1790, and his diary mentions the two mills.</p><br>
<p>The 19th century saw the houses along Main Street quadruple in number. Most of them were built by local builders or merchants, with only one, John Hendricksons home at 110 Main, intended as an estate of the kind found elsewhere along Long Islands North Shore. The stone clock tower which serves as Roslyn&#39;s most identifiable landmark was erected at the junction of Main and Old Northern in 1895.</p><br>
<p>Land use remained in the primarily residential pattern throughout the 20th century. In the late 1960s the Roslyn Landmark Society worked to protect and preserve the extant structures, culminating in the Register listing. The Roslyn Village Historic District, added 15 years later in 1987, also included the Main Street district as a component area.</p><br>
<h2>Significant Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>Several of the district&#39;s properties are notable within it:</p><br>
<p>Ellen J. Ward Memorial Clock Tower: Built in 1895 of random ashlar granite and limestone trim and located at the intersection of Main and Old Northern, it has become one of Roslyn&#39;s most visible local landmarks. The tower was designed by the New York firm of Lamb & Rich, and the clock mechanism itself by the Seth Thomas Clock Company.</p><br>
<p>William G. Valentine Store. One of the rare brick buildings from 19th-century Roslyn. Valentine reportedly acquired the brick at low cost during the economic downtimes that preceded the Civil War, and from them built his store as well as the neighboring buildings at 19, 21 and 23 Main Street.</p><br>
<p>Obadiah W. Valentine House, 105 Main Street. A clapboard Greek Revival structure built between 1833–36, its one-and-a-half-story height appears a story higher due to its construction into the steep slope on the west side of the street at this point. Several other nearby houses emulated the design.</p><br>
<p>Warren Wilkey House, 190 Main Street. Built for a successful New York businessman around 1865, this wood frame house is unusually large and ornate by Main Street standards. It actually is two and a half stories high, with a mansard roof and elaborated belvedere. In 1925 it was converted into three apartments.</p><br>
<p>Van Nostrand-Starkins House, 221 Main Street. A one-and-a-half-story clapboard structure begun in 1680, making it the oldest in the village, it was purchased by blacksmith Joseph Starkins in 1795. A later frame wing has been moved back, and the house has been restored to its 1810 appearance by the Roslyn Landmark Society. It is currently used as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Roslyn has added to its ordinances a provision protecting the buildings in both its historic districts. They are recognized in its zoning and any additions, demolition or alterations are subject to approval by the six-member Historic District Board. The Roslyn Landmark Society also holds a restrictive covenant on some of the properties.</p><br>
<p>Georgina Island is the largest of the lake islands of Lake Simcoe, located in southern Ontario, Canada. The island is a Native reserve populated by the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation, a band of Ojibwa people. It is also within the Town of Georgina and in the Regional Municipality of York.</p><br>
<p>Before the completion of the Trent–Severn Waterway, the water level on Lake Simcoe was low enough to enable residents to cross in wagons or walk in ankle-deep water to the mainland, at Virginia Beach, Ontario. After the Trent Severn Waterway was completed, the water level increased enough to submerge traditional farmlands and to require a boat for crossing to the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Pope John Paul II stayed on neighbouring Strawberry Island for four days just before World Youth Day 2002 in Toronto.</p><br>
<p>The island is reached by a ferry in summer and an airboat in winter. On the coldest days of winter Lake Simcoe is cold enough for an ice road to be built allowing light vehicles to drive across the frozen lake. The Women&#39;s Support Network of York Region has worked with the First Nations of Georgina Island.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>During the American War of Independence, British colonial authorities began to strategically engage in relationships with the Native people of present-day Ontario, seeking to acquire and settled their territories for the purpose of defending British North America. The Chippewas of Lakes Huron and Simcoe in the early nineteenth century consisted of several bands. Two groups, led by William Yellowhead and Joseph Snake, occupied areas of southernmost Simcoe County, which they relinquished to the government in 1818. A third group, led by John Aisance, occupied areas between Kempenfelt Bay and Penetanguishene, which they surrendered to the government in 1815. In 1830 the government set aside Georgina Island, Snake Island and Fox Island, all in Lake Simcoe, as a reservation for these groups, but encouraged them to settle instead in purpose-built villages at Coldwater (where Aisance and his people settled) and Atherley Narrows (where Yellowhead and Snake settled) where they might take up farming. The corridor of Crown land between Lake Couchiching, and the Severn River was informally given to the Chippewas as a hunting ground, but in 1836 a deal was struck to return this territory (including the two villages) to government hands, leaving the Chippewas with the Lake Simcoe islands as their last remaining reservation. Yellowhead and his band purchased land at Rama and settled there in 1838, whereas Aisance led his people to Beausoleil Island in Georgian Bay in 1842, from which they relocated to Christian Island in 1856. As part of this final dispersal of the Chippewas of Lakes Huron and Simcoe, some remained behind on Snake Island and the neighbouring islands with Snake as their leader.</p><br>
<p>The role of the colonial government had a significant impact on the people, enforcing a policy to enrol the people and grow dependent on the crown. The influence of this policy resulted in repeated promises of protection, food, clothing, lodgings and general welfare of the people. The transformation from a strong and independent people to one of complete dependence for the most part resulted. The area between Lake Ontario, Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe represented a region of prime military vulnerability and defence for Upper Canada. This region was not only occupied by the Lake Simcoe Indians, but also the people under the leadership of Joseph Brant of the Six Nations. Six Nations lies in the town of Ohsweken, Ontario.</p><br>
<p>Khar-Us Lake  is a lake in western Mongolia in the Great Lakes Depression. It is the upper one in a system of the interconnected lakes: Khar-Us, Khar, Dörgön, Airag and Khyargas.</p><br>
<p>Its area value (1,852 km²) includes the island Agbash (or Ak-Bashi, white head) area (274 km²), so the water surface area is 1,578 km² only.</p><br>
<p>Some sources are using different Khar-Us Lake Lake statistics values:</p><br>
<p>Water level: 1,160.08 m</p><br>
<p>Surface area: 1,496.6 km²</p><br>
<p>Average depth: 2.1 m</p><br>
<p>Volume: 3.12 km³.</p><br>
<p>Primary inflow is the Khovd River, which creates a large river delta.</p><br>
<p>So called Genghis Khan&#39;s wall runs along the western shore of the Khar-Us Lake. It is possible to find it at the Google Map and Google Earth satellite maps 47&deg;53&prime;29&Prime;N latitude, 91&deg;59&prime;37&Prime;E longitude.</p><br>
<p>Nueces Bay is a northwestern extension of Corpus Christi Bay in the San Patricio and Nueces counties of Texas. The bay is fed by the Nueces River, forming a natural estuary, which renders it ecologically and economically vital to the surrounding area. It serves as a habitat for the propagation of fish and shellfish, which sustain diverse species of birds and other wildlife. The bay is threatened by pollution from the heavy industry on its southern shore, which prevents oyster farming. Petrochemical production and oil are important to the surrounding economies of the major settlements of Corpus Christi and Portland, found on the eastern shore and connected by the Nueces Bay Causeway at the bay&#39;s confluence with Corpus Christi Bay.</p><br>
<p>Agriculture dominates the northern shore, where many plots of land are still owned by the descendants of early settlers. The largely abandoned historical communities of Rosita and West Portland are also located in this area. To the west, the Odem Bay extension is formed, and is fed by Rincon Bayou and a large complex of marsh formed by the Nueces River delta. Just south of the mouth, are the remains of the abandoned Nuecestown settlement, which is now included in the Corpus Christi city limits.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nueces Bay formed approximately 9,000 years ago, as the sea level rose at the conclusion of the last ice age. The sea level stabilized 6,000 years later, shaping the present-day Nueces Bay. The first human inhabitants were the nomadic Aransas Indians, who settled between the Copano and Baffin bays about 8,000 years ago, until 1300 CE. In the next century, the Karankawa Indians arrived, and were present when Europeans came ashore.</p><br>
<p>Nueces is Spanish for "nuts", and refers to the pecan trees that grew along the banks of the Nueces River, noted by Spanish explorer Alonso De León in 1689. It is unclear when the name was given to the bay; it was called San Miguel Arcángel by Spanish captain Joaquín de Orobio y Basterra in 1747, or "wastepaper" Bay. It appears to have been first noted on a Spanish map in 1527 as the mouth of the Río Escondido or hidden river, which is believed to be the Nueces. French explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle sailed into the bay in 1685, mistakenly believing it was the Mississippi River. Spanish colonial governor José de Escandón planned a villa on the mouth of the Nueces River named Villa de Vedoya. Fifty families were sent the site in 1749, but failed to establish a settlement, due to a lack of sufficient supplies. Later that century, missionaries discussed the possibility of moving Nuestra Señora del Refugio Mission to the site, but decided against the idea due to conflict with the Lipan Apaches. Germans attempted to settle the same area, but were turned away by the French during the Pastry War in the 1830s. The next decade, a colony for freed slaves was proposed by abolitionist Benjamin Lundy, who had to cancel after the outbreak of the Texas Revolution.</p><br>
<p>Corpus Christi, which was founded as a trading post on the southeastern shore in 1839, is believed to be the first permanent settlement on the bay. It soon grew into a major Texas port with a population of 277,454 at the time of the 2000 census.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Nueces Bay covers an area of 28.9 square miles and drains the 16,950 square miles of the Nueces River basin. It has an average depth of 2.3ft, and a volume of 39,700 acre.ft. The bay is considered the southern extreme of the Texas Coastal Plain, which stretches northeast to Galveston Bay, and is part of the geographic transition from the grasslands of the coastal plain to the dry brush region of South Texas. Due south of Whites Point at the mouth of Odem Bay, is an oil field, situated against the backdrop of heavy industry on the shore to the southwest. The southern shore, which continues toward Rincon Point, is slender due to the industrial canal dredged to the south to the Port of Corpus Christi. The mouth of Nueces Bay on Corpus Christi Bay from Rincon Point to Indian Point, is crossed by the mile-long (1.6 km) Nueces Bay Causeway, which leads to Portland. West Portland is found on the shoreline of the bay as it curves north and west, which is lined with piers and residences. The bay leads back west to Whites Point on the north shore, which is largely used for agriculture.</p><br>
<h2>Ecosystem</h2><br>
<p>The Nueces estuary provides an ecosystem for a wide variety of wildlife. However, since the construction of Choke Canyon Reservoir in 1985, freshwater inflows have decreased from the Nueces River, increasing the bay&#39;s salinity, and hurting the natural oyster and shrimp habitat. In response, the City of Corpus Christi, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and two additional state agencies have worked to restore the natural freshwater inflows into the bay. The Odem Bay extension is low in salinity and serves as a nursery for shrimp, which migrate to Nueces Bay in spring. Oyster beds are common throughout the bay and are known to be hiding spots for such fish as trout, black drum, flounder and redfish. Such finfish must be protected from excessive freshwater introduction for survival.</p><br>
<p>A diverse collection of birds sustained by the water life, such as the black skimmer, brown pelican, great blue heron, egret, laughing gull, roseate spoonbill, tern, and the white ibis, can be found in the bay, especially near the mouth of Rincon Bayou. Local efforts by the Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries program have benefited bird populations by adding crushed oyster shells to the bays small islands for improved nesting conditions, and the restoration of marsh near the Nueces Bay Causeway to increase fish populations to satisfy the birds dietary requirements. At the nearby Nueces Delta Preserve, countless birds have been observed, as well as bobcats, coyotes, feral hogs, mountain lions, rattlesnakes, Texas spiny lizards, western diamondbacks and white-tailed deer.</p><br>
<h2>Industry</h2><br>
<p>Oil has been pumped from the bay since 1912, but fishing has been a mainstay since humans have inhabited the area. In the early 1970s, recreational fishing accounted for a yearly input of $17 million to the local economy, while commercial fishermen contributed $27.3 million. which as filter feeders, are affected by high levels of zinc in the water. The excessive zinc is believed to have been dumped into the bay by the American Smelting and Refining Company&#39;s Encycle Texas Incorporated subsidiary, which operated a zinc refinery at the site from 1942 to 1985. The Nueces Bay Power Station is also believed to have discharged zinc used for coolant until December 2002. Since that time, zinc levels in the bay have been reduced to slightly under 1000 mg/kg, which remains above the healthy levels of 700 mg/kg. The power station has since come under the control of the Topaz Power Group. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality has established the Total Maximum Daily Load Program to measure the level of pollutants throughout the Nueces watershed, in an effort to restore the bay to safe levels of contaminants. Pesticides that seep into the bay from the heavy agricultural activity on the north shore can also spur adverse environmental effects.</p><br>
<p>Several oil spills have occurred as a result of the heavy petroleum industry on the south shore of Nueces Bay. In 1984, approximately 20,000 gal of oil leaked from a busted pipeline, which blackened 5 mi of the shore. Ten years later, Koch Industries, which owns a refinery on the bay, was responsible for a major spill that resulted in the release of 100,000 gal of oil, leaving a 12 mi slick that seeped into Corpus Christi Bay. The Environmental Protection Agency fined the company $30 million for the spill in 2000, and $2.5 million was later given by the company to the state of Texas to improve the bay&#39;s water quality.</p><br>
<p>Sierra del Merendón is a mountain range extending on the eastern border of Guatemala and Honduras. Its south-western border is marked by the Lempa River valley, its northern border by the Motagua River valley. The mountain range has several different biomes and habitats, including cloud forests.</p><br>
<p>The Cusuco National Park (Parque Nacional El Cusuco) is located on the Honduran side and protects an area 23,440 hectares of temperate forest in the Merendón mountain range. The core zone is located at an altitude of 1,800 - 2,242 m. (15° 29.8 − 15° 32.1 N, 88° 13.0 − 88° 16.3 W).</p><br>
<p>Predominant forest habitats in the park are cloud forests (1,500 - 2,242 m), semi-arid pine forests on south-facing slopes (800 - 1,500 m), wet deciduous forests on north-facing slopes (500 - 1,500 m).</p><br>
<p>Abbotsford, now the Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists, is a historic house at 300 Walnut Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The museum is dedicated to black visual arts heritage worldwide, and presents historical and contemporary exhibitions in many media, including painting, sculpture, graphics, photography and decorative arts. The museum is operated by the National Center of Afro-American Artists.</p><br>
<h2>House history</h2><br>
<p>The pointed arches on Abbotsford&#39;s windows and main entrance are characteristics of the High Victorian Gothic style, inspired by the architecture of the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Boston architect Alden Frink for the prominent industrialist Aaron Davis Williams, Abbotsford was built in 1872 in the High Victorian Gothic style. Just as the American economy was becoming industrialized, many people looked with nostalgia to times before machines and factories. Ironically, Aaron Davis Williams, Jr., used his profits from industry to build a house that could remind him of a medieval castle.</p><br>
<p>Following setbacks in his business, Williams was forced to sell Abbotsford to James M. Smith, who was born in Scotland in 1811, came to Boston in 1854, and was treasurer of the Suffolk Brewery in South Boston. Smith died at his home in Roxbury February 8. 1894.</p><br>
<p>By 1923, the mansion was too large for private use, and the City of Boston purchased it as a disciplinary school for boys. In 1976, the National Center for Afro-American Artists bought the property and turned it into a museum. This new use has made it possible for community residents to enjoy Abbotsford today.</p><br>
<p>This building is significant to Roxbury for several reasons. The most obvious is its beauty. It is a stately mansion that commands its site, and continues to be important to the community as the setting for the museum. In addition, it is built entirely of Roxbury puddingstone, a local building material. Finally, this building tells much about how people thought about their houses and their lives.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Louisville and Nashville Railroad Office Building is an historic building located in downtown Louisville, Kentucky, USA. It was once the headquarters of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, a prominent railroad company from the mid-19th century to the 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The structure is eleven stories tall. The first three stories are made of stonework of rusticated ashlar, with capital-topped pilasters in a series. Floors four to ten have ashlar pilasters framing a finish of red brick. Windows of the building are done in series of three. The attic is 1.5 stories tall, and features the distinctive initials of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by W. H. Courtenay, the chief architect of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, in a Beaux Arts style; one of the largest commercial buildings in that architectural style still standing.Klein, Maury. History of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. (University Press of</p><br>
<p>Kentucky, 2002). pg.340</p><br>
<p>In 1930 an eight-bay western addition which duplicated the look of the original 10-bay building was added, built by then-current chief architect of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad J. C. Haley.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Louisville and Nashville Railroad offices in Louisville were at Second and Main in Louisville, by the entrance of present-day George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge. By 1890, it had become obvious that the building was too overcrowded. It was decided that the office building should be located next to Louisville&#39;s Union Station. Construction began in 1902, but its completion was delayed until January 1907, due to difficulties with organized labor in a 1905 steel workers strike. Its total cost was $650,000. It was large enough that after decades of separation, all of the main administrative staff could be in the same building.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, about 2,000 L&N employees worked in the building. After L&N was purchased by CSX nearly all of the jobs were moved from Louisville to Jacksonville, Florida, in 1980. However, a 6-person CSX claims department stayed in the building until 1988.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the state of Kentucky spent $15 million to purchase and renovate the property, retaining the L&N name and neon lights on its upper stories.</p><br>
<p>The building is currently the Louisville offices for the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services.</p><br>
<p>In August 2009, the building was closed due to the 2009 Kentuckiana Flood, but would reopen as soon as deemed safe.</p><br>
<p>The Red Pillar is a mountain on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, located 33 km southwest of Courtenay and 17 km south of Mount Albert Edward.</p><br>
<p>The Red Pillar is a member of the Vancouver Island Ranges which in turn form part of the Insular Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Red Pillar&#39;s name is descriptive, according to the BC Geographical Names Information System:</p><br>
<p>The mountain was climbed in 1931 by local climbers Geoff Capes and Jack Gregson; they left a note in a cairn at the summit naming it "The Pillar". (Ruth Masters, Comox & District Mountaineering Club)</p><br>
<p>"...the highest peak in the glacier region, which was first climbed on August 1, 1931. The party of which I was one, did not wish to call the peak after one of our number so left the request in the cairn we erected that is should be called "The Pillar." There are many other Pillars so may I suggest that it be called The Red Pillar as it is of distinctly reddish rock." (July 1935 letter from Ben Hughes, publisher, Comox Argus)</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The easiest access to The Red Pillar is from the south, via the Ash River Trail. The trail starts at the north-west end of Oshinow Lake. There are two ways to reach the trail head:</p><br>
<p>1) Paddle the length of Oshinow Lake starting from the launch at the south-east end.</p><br>
<p>2) Hike the overgrown and washed-out logging branch, 110H, along the east side of Oshinow Lake.</p><br>
<p>Alternatively, The Red Pillar can be accessed by from the Comox Glacier by traversing over, or going around, Argus Mountain.</p><br>
